Ceannaireacht Cruach Píopaí Monaróir & Soláthraí Sa tSín |

Cairt Mheáchain Píopaí Gnáth-Deireadh ASTM A53

Is príomhfhachtóir é meáchan an phíobáin chruach i ndearadh innealtóireachta agus meastachán buiséid, agus mar sin ní hamháin go gcabhraíonn sonraí meáchain cruinn le cobhsaíocht agus sábháilteacht struchtúrach a chinntiú ach go mbíonn tionchar aige freisin ar chostais ábhartha agus ar shocruithe iompair.

Ina dhiaidh sin, mionsonróidh an t-alt seo na táblaí meáchain le haghaidhASTM A53Píobán cruach Gnáth-Deireadh agus pléigh conas meáchan sonrach píopa a ríomh bunaithe ar mhéideanna agus ar thiúsanna éagsúla balla.

chairt meáchain píopa -ASTM A53/A53M

Cnaipí Nascleanúna

Forbhreathnú ar ASTM A53

ASTM A53Is caighdeán a úsáidtear go forleathan é do phíobán cruach carbóin, arna fhorbairt ag ASTM (Cumann Meiriceánach um Thástáil agus Ábhair).Sonraíonn an caighdeán seo na ceanglais theicniúla maidir le píopa cruach carbóin gan uaim agus friotaíocht-táthaithe, a úsáidtear go príomha le haghaidh iompar gáis, gal, uisce agus sreabhán eile agus roinnt cuspóirí struchtúracha.Mar gheall ar a fheidhmíocht iontaofa agus infheidhmeacht leathan, tá sé anois ar an ábhar de rogha i go leor tionscadal innealtóireachta.

Is iad na príomhréimsí iarratais iompar sreabhán, foirgnimh agus struchtúir, an tionscal ola agus gáis, tógáil meaisín, agus córais téimh agus fuaraithe.

Foirmlí Ríomh Meáchan

Ríomh ag baint úsáide as an bhfoirmle meáchain iASME B36.10M.

Cairt Mheáchain Píopaí Gnáth-Deireadh ASTM A53

Eagraíonn Tábla X2.2 in ASTM A53 go staitistiúil an chairt meáchain píopa le haghaidh Píopa Plain-Deireadh.

NPS DN Trastomhas Lasmuigh Tiús bhalla Aifreann Deireadh Gnáth meáchan
Aicme
Sceideal
Níl.
IN MM IN MM lb/ft kg/m
1/8 6 0. 405 10.3 0. 068 1.73 0. 24 0. 37 DTS 40
1/8 6 0. 405 10.3 0. 095 2. 41 0,31 0. 47 XS 80
1/4 8 0. 540 13.7 0. 088 2.24 0. 43 0.63 DTS 40
1/4 8 0. 540 13.7 0. 119 3. 02 0. 54 0. 80 XS 80
3/8 10 0. 675 17.1 0. 091 2. 31 0. 57 0.84 DTS 40
3/8 10 0. 675 17.1 0. 126 3.20 0.74 1. 10 XS 80
1/2 15 0. 840 21.3 0. 109 2.77 0.85 1.27 DTS 40
1/2 15 0. 840 21.3 0. 147 3.73 1. 09 1.62 XS 80
1/2 15 0. 840 21.3 0. 188 4.78 1. 31 1. 95   160
1/2 15 0. 840 21.3 0. 294 7. 47 1.72 2.55 XXS  
3/4 20 1. 050 26.7 0. 113 2.87 1.13 1.69 DTS 40
3/4 20 1. 050 26.7 0. 154 3. 91 1. 48 2. 20 XS 80
3/4 20 1. 050 26.7 0. 219 5.56 1. 95 2. 90   160
3/4 20 1. 050 26.7 0. 308 7.82 2. 44 3.64 XXS  
1 25 1. 315 33.4 0. 133 3.38 1.68 2. 50 DTS 40
1 25 1. 315 33.4 0. 179 4.55 2. 17 3.24 XS 80
1 25 1. 315 33.4 0. 250 6.35 2.85 4.24   160
1 25 1. 315 33.4 0. 382 9.70 5.22 7.77 XXS  
1 1/2 40 1. 900 48.3 0. 145 3.68 2.72 4. 05 DTS 40
1 1/2 40 1. 900 48.3 0. 200 5. 08 3.63 5. 41 XS 80
1 1/2 40 1. 900 48.3 0. 281 7.14 4.86 7.25   160
1 1/2 40 1. 900 48.3 0. 400 10.16 6. 41 9.56 XXS  
2 50 2. 375 60.3 0. 154 3. 91 3.66 5. 44 DTS 40
2 50 2. 375 60.3 0. 218 5.54 5. 03 7.48 XS 80
2 50 2. 375 60.3 0. 344 8.74 7. 47 11.11   160
2 50 2. 375 60.3 0. 436 11.07 9.04 13.44 XXS  
2 1/2 65 2. 875 73.0 0. 203 5.16 5.80 8.63 DTS 40
2 1/2 65 2. 875 73.0 0. 276 7. 01 7.67 11.41 XS 80
2 1/2 65 2. 875 73.0 0. 375 9.52 10.02 14.90   160
2 1/2 65 2. 875 73.0 0. 552 14.02 13.71 20.39 XXS  
3 80 3. 500 88.9 0. 125 3.18 4.51 6.72    
3 80 3. 500 88.9 0. 156 3. 96 5.58 8.29    
3 80 3. 500 88.9 0. 188 4.78 6.66 9.92    
3 80 3. 500 88.9 0. 216 5. 49 7.58 11.29 DTS 40
3 80 3. 500 88.9 0. 250 6.35 8.69 12.93    
3 80 3. 500 88.9 0. 281 7.14 9.67 14.40    
3 80 3. 500 88.9 0. 300 7.62 10.26 15.27 XS 80
3 80 3. 500 88.9 0. 438 11.13 14.34 21.35   160
3 80 3. 500 88.9 0.600 15.24 18.60 27.68 XXS  
3 1/2 90 4. 000 101.6 0. 125 3.18 5.18 7.72    
3 1/2 90 4. 000 101.6 0. 156 3. 96 6. 41 9.53    
3 1/2 90 4. 000 101.6 0. 188 4.78 7.66 11.41    
3 1/2 90 4. 000 101.6 0. 226 5.74 9.12 13.57 DTS 40
3 1/2 90 4. 000 101.6 0. 250 6.35 10.02 14.92    
3 1/2 90 4. 000 101.6 0. 281 7.14 11.17 16.63    
3 1/2 90 4. 000 101.6 0. 318 8.08 12.52 18.63 XS 80
4 100 4.500 114.3 0. 125 3.18 5.85 8.71    
4 100 4.500 114.3 0. 156 3. 96 7.24 10.78    
4 100 4.500 114.3 0. 188 4.78 8.67 12.91    
4 100 4.500 114.3 0. 219 5.56 10.02 14.91    
4 100 4.500 114.3 0. 237 6. 02 10.80 16.07 DTS 40
4 100 4.500 114.3 0. 250 6.35 11.36 16.90    
4 100 4.500 114.3 0. 281 7.14 12.67 18.87    
4 100 4.500 114.3 0. 312 7.92 13.97 20.78    
4 100 4.500 114.3 0. 337 8.56 15.00 22.32 XS 80
4 100 4.500 114.3 0. 438 11.13 19.02 28.32   120
4 100 4.500 114.3 0. 531 13.49 22.53 33.54   160
4 100 4.500 114.3 0. 674 17.12 27.57 41.03 XXS  
5 125 5. 563 141.3 0. 156 3. 96 9.02 13.41    
5 125 5. 563 141.3 0. 188 4.78 10.80 16.09    
5 125 5. 563 141.3 0. 219 5.56 12.51 18.61    
5 125 5. 563 141.3 0. 258 6.55 14,63 21.77 DTS 40
5 125 5. 563 141.3 0. 281 7.14 15.87 23.62    
5 125 5. 563 141.3 0. 312 7.92 17.51 26.05    
5 125 5. 563 141.3 0. 344 8.74 19.19 28.57    
5 125 5. 563 141.3 0. 375 9.52 20.80 30.94 XS 80
5 125 5. 563 141.3 0. 500 12.70 27.06 40.28   120
5 125 5. 563 141.3 0. 625 15.88 32.99 49.11   160
5 125 5. 563 141.3 0. 750 19.05 38.59 57.43 XXS  
6 150 6.625 168.3 0. 188 4.78 12.94 19.27    
6 150 6.625 168.3 0. 219 5.56 15.00 22.31    
6 150 6.625 168.3 0. 250 6.35 17.04 25.36    
6 150 6.625 168.3 0. 280 7. 11 18.99 28.26 DTS 40
6 150 6.625 168.3 0. 312 7.92 21.06 31.32    
6 150 6.625 168.3 0. 344 8.74 23.10 34.39    
6 150 6.625 168.3 0. 375 9.52 25.05 37.28    
6 150 6.625 168.3 0. 432 10.97 28.60 42.56 XS 80
6 150 6.625 168.3 0. 562 14.27 36.43 54.20   120
6 150 6.625 168.3 0. 719 18.26 45.39 67.56   160
6 150 6.625 168.3 0. 864 21.95 53.21 79.22 XXS  
8 200 8.625 219.1 0. 188 4.78 16.96 25.26    
8 200 8.625 219.1 0. 203 5.16 18.28 27.22    
8 200 8.625 219.1 0. 219 5.56 19.68 29.28    
8 200 8.625 219.1 0. 250 6.35 22.38 33.31   20
8 200 8.625 219.1 0. 277 7. 04 24.72 36.31   30
8 200 8.625 219.1 0. 312 7.92 27.73 41.24    
8 200 8.625 219.1 0. 322 8.18 28.58 42.55 DTS 40
8 200 8.625 219.1 0. 344 8.74 30.45 45.34    
8 200 8.625 219.1 0. 375 9.52 33.07 49.20    
8 200 8.625 219.1 0. 406 10.31 35.67 53.08   60
8 200 8.625 219.1 0. 438 11.13 38.33 57.08    
8 200 8.625 219.1 0. 500 12.70 43.43 64.64 XS 80
8 200 8.625 219.1 0. 594 15.09 51. 00 75.92   100
8 200 8.625 219.1 0. 719 18.26 60.77 90.44   120
8 200 8.625 219.1 0. 812 20.62 67.82 100.92   140
8 200 8.625 219.1 0. 875 22.22 72.49 107.88 XXS  
8 200 8.625 219.1 0. 906 23.01 74.76 111.27   160
10 250 10.75 273 0. 188 4.78 21.23 31.62    
10 250 10.75 273 0. 203 5.16 22.89 34.08    
10 250 10.75 273 0. 219 5.56 24.65 36.67    
10 250 10.75 273 0. 250 6.35 28.06 41.75   20
10 250 10.75 273 0. 279 7. 09 31.23 46.49    
10 250 10.75 273 0. 307 7.80 34.27 51.01   30
10 250 10.75 273 0. 344 8.74 38.27 56.96    
10 250 10.75 273 0. 365 9.27 40.52 60.29 DTS 40
10 250 10.75 273 0. 438 11.13 48.28 71.87    
10 250 10.75 273 0. 500 12.70 54.79 81.52 XS 60
10 250 10.75 273 0. 594 15.09 64.49 95.97   80
10 250 10.75 273 0. 719 18.26 77.10 114.70   100
10 250 10.75 273 0. 844 21.44 89.38 133. 00   120
10 250 10.75 273 1. 000 25.40 104.23 155.09 XXS 140
10 250 10.75 273 1. 125 28.57 115.75 172.21   160
12 300 12.75 323.8 0. 203 5.16 27.23 40.55    
12 300 12.75 323.8 0. 219 5.56 29.34 43.63    
12 300 12.75 323.8 0. 250 6.35 33.41 49.71   20
12 300 12.75 323.8 0. 281 7.14 37.46 55.75    
12 300 12.75 323.8 0. 312 7.92 41.48 61.69    
12 300 12.75 323.8 0. 330 8.38 43.81 65.18   30
12 300 12.75 323.8 0. 344 8.74 45.62 67.90    
12 300 12.75 323.8 0. 375 9.52 49.61 73.78 DTS  
12 300 12.75 323.8 0. 406 10.31 53.57 79.70   40
12 300 12.75 323.8 0. 438 11.13 57.65 85.82    
12 300 12.75 323.8 0. 500 12.70 65.48 97.43 XS  
12 300 12.75 323.8 0. 562 14.27 73.22 108.92   60
12 300 12.75 323.8 0. 688 17.48 88.71 132.04   80
12 300 12.75 323.8 0. 844 21.44 107.42 159.86   100
12 300 12.75 323.8 1. 000 25.40 125.61 186.91 XXS 120
12 300 12.75 323.8 1. 125 28.57 139.81 208.00   140
12 300 12.75 323.8 1. 312 33.32 160.42 238.68   160
14 350 14 355.6 0. 210 5.33 30.96 46.04    
14 350 14 355.6 0. 219 5.56 32.26 47.99    
14 350 14 355.6 0. 250 6.35 36.75 54.69   10
14 350 14 355.6 0. 281 7.14 41.21 61.35    
14 350 14 355.6 0. 312 7.92 45.65 67.90   20
14 350 14 355.6 0. 344 8.74 50.22 74.76    
14 350 14 355.6 0. 375 9.52 54.62 81.25 DTS 30
14 350 14 355.6 0. 438 11.13 63.50 94.55   40
14 350 14 355.6 0. 469 11.91 67.84 100.94    
14 350 14 355.6 0. 500 12.70 72.16 107.39 XS  
14 350 14 355.6 0. 594 15.09 85.13 126.71   60
14 350 14 355.6 0. 750 19.05 106.23 158.10   80
14 350 14 355.6 0. 938 23.83 130.98 194.96   100
14 350 14 355.6 1. 094 27.79 150.93 224.65   120
14 350 14 355.6 1. 250 31.75 170.37 253.56   140
14 350 14 355.6 1. 406 35.71 189.29 281.70   160
14 350 14 355.6 2, 000 50.80 256.56 381.83    
14 350 14 355.6 2. 125 53.97 269.76 401.44    
14 350 14 355.6 2. 200 55.88 277.51 413. 01    
14 350 14 355.6 2. 500 63.50 307.34 457.40    
16 400 16 406.4 0. 219 5.56 36.95 54.96    
16 400 16 406.4 0. 250 6.35 42.09 62.64   10
16 400 16 406.4 0. 281 7.14 47.22 70.30    
16 400 16 406.4 0. 312 7.92 52.32 77.83   20
16 400 16 406.4 0. 344 8.74 57.57 85.71    
16 400 16 406.4 0. 375 9.52 62.64 93.17 DTS 30
16 400 16 406.4 0. 438 11.13 72.86 108.49    
16 400 16 406.4 0. 469 11.91 77.87 115.86    
16 400 16 406.4 0. 500 12.70 82.85 123.30 XS 40
16 400 16 406.4 0. 656 16.66 107.60 160.12   60
16 400 16 406.4 0. 844 21.44 136.74 203.53   80
16 400 16 406.4 1. 031 26.19 164.98 245.56   100
16 400 16 406.4 1. 219 30.96 192.61 286.64   120
16 400 16 406.4 1. 438 36.53 223.85 333.19   140
16 400 16 406.4 1. 594 40.49 245.48 365.35   160
18 450 18 457 0. 250 6.35 47.44 70.60   10
18 450 18 457 0. 281 7.14 53.23 79.24    
18 450 18 457 0. 312 7.92 58.99 87.75   20
18 450 18 457 0. 344 8.74 64.93 96.66    
18 450 18 457 0. 375 9.52 70.65 105.10 DTS  
18 450 18 457 0. 406 10.31 76.36 113.62    
18 450 18 457 0. 438 11.13 82.23 122.43   30
18 450 18 457 0. 469 11.91 87.89 130.78    
18 450 18 457 0. 500 12.70 93.54 139.20 XS  
18 450 18 457 0. 562 14.27 104.76 155.87   40
18 450 18 457 0. 750 19.05 138.30 205.83   60
18 450 18 457 0. 938 23.83 171.08 254.67   80
18 450 18 457 1. 156 29.36 208.15 309.76   100
18 450 18 457 1. 375 34.92 244.37 363.64   120
18 450 18 457 1. 562 39.67 274.48 408.45   140
18 450 18 457 1. 781 45.24 308.79 459.59   160
20 500 20 508 0. 250 6.35 52.78 78.55   10
20 500 20 508 0. 281 7.14 59.23 88.19    
20 500 20 508 0. 312 7.92 65.66 97.67    
20 500 20 508 0. 344 8.74 72.28 107.60    
20 500 20 508 0. 375 9.52   78.67 DTS 20
20 500 20 508 0. 406 10.31 84.04 126.53    
20 500 20 508 0. 438 11.13 91.59 136.37    
20 500 20 508 0. 469 11.91 97.92 145.70    
20 500 20 508 0. 500 12.70 104.23 155.12 XS 30
20 500 20 508 0. 594 15.09 123.23 183.42   40
20 500 20 508 0. 812 20.62 166.56 247.83   60
20 500 20 508 1. 031 26.19 209.06 311.17   80
20 500 20 508 1. 281 32.54 256.34 381.53   100
20 500 20 508 1. 500 38.10 296.65 441.49   120
20 500 20 508 1. 750 44.45 341.41 508.11   140
20 500 20 508 1. 969 50.01 379.53 564.81   160
24 600 24 610 0. 250 6.35 63.47 94.46   10
24 600 24 610 0. 281 7.14 71.25 106.08    
24 600 24 610 0. 312 7.92 79.01 117.51    
24 600 24 610 0. 344 8.74 86.99 129.50    
24 600 24 610 0. 375 9.52 94.71 140.88 DTS 20
24 600 24 610 0. 406 10.31 102.40 152.37    
24 600 24 610 0. 438 11.13 110.32 164.26    
24 600 24 610 0. 469 11.91 117.98 175.54    
24 600 24 610 0. 500 12.70 125.61 186.94 XS  
24 600 24 610 0. 562 14.27 140.81 209.50   30
24 600 24 610 0. 688 17.48 171.45 255.24   40
24 600 24 610 0. 938 23.83 231.25 344.23    
24 600 24 610 0. 969 24.61 238.57 355. 02   60
24 600 24 610 1. 219 30.96 296.86 441.78   80
24 600 24 610 1. 531 38.89 367.74 547.33   100
24 600 24 610 1. 812 46.02 429.79 639.58   120
24 600 24 610 2. 062 52.37 483.57 719.63   140
24 600 24 610 2. 344 59.54 542.64 807.63   160
26 650 26 660 0. 250 6.35 68.82 102.42    
26 650 26 660 0. 281 7.14 77.26 115.02    
26 650 26 660 0. 312 7.92 85.68 127.43   10
26 650 26 660 0. 344 8.74 94.35 140.45    
26 650 26 660 0. 375 9.52 102.72 152.80 DTS  
26 650 26 660 0. 406 10.31 111.08 165.28    
26 650 26 660 0. 438 11.13 119.69 178.20    
26 650 26 660 0. 469 11.91 128.00 190.46    
26 650 26 660 0. 500 12.70 136.30 202.85 XS 20
26 650 26 660 0. 562 14.27 152.83 227.37    

Ní sháróidh raon éagsúlachta meáchain an phíobáin chruach ±10% den mheáchan sonraithe.

Cúiseanna le Úsáid Fhairsing na Sceidil Píopaí

Úsáidtear an rannán sceidil de phíopaí cruach go forleathan, go príomha toisc go soláthraíonn sé córas caighdeánaithe chun tiús bhalla agus trastomhas lasmuigh na bpíopaí a chinneadh chun cáilíocht agus sábháilteacht na n-oibreacha innealtóireachta a chinntiú.

Cuidíonn sceideal píopaí leis an bpróiseas deartha a shimpliú, comhoiriúnacht na bpíopaí a tháirgeann monaróirí éagsúla a chinntiú, costais táirgthe a laghdú, oiriúnú do bhrúnna oibre agus timpeallachtaí éagsúla, agus tá glacadh idirnáisiúnta leathan faighte acu, ag cur le caighdeánú tionscadal agus táirgí innealtóireachta ar fud an domhain.

Cairt Meáchan Píobán Snáithithe agus Cúpláilte ASTM A53

Sceideal 40 de Phíopa Gnáthcheann ASTM A53

Tagann na sonraí sa chuid seo ó ASTM A530, Tábla X2.2, Meáchan Críoch Píobán Cruach le Deirí Réidh, atá mar an gcéanna leis na luachanna iASME B36.10M.

NPS DN Trastomhas Lasmuigh Tiús bhalla Aifreann Deireadh Gnáth ocht
Aicme
Sceideal
Níl.
IN MM IN MM lb/ft kg/m
1/8 6 0. 41 10.30 0. 07 1.73 0. 24 0. 37 DTS 40
1/4 8 0. 54 13.70 0. 09 2.24 0. 43 0.63 DTS 40
3/8 10 0.68 17.10 0. 09 2. 31 0. 57 0.84 DTS 40
1/2 15 0.84 21.30 0. 11 2.77 0.85 1.27 DTS 40
3/4 20 1. 05 26.70 0. 11 2.87 1.13 1.69 DTS 40
1 25 1.32 33.40 0. 13 3.38 1.68 2. 50 DTS 40
1 1/2 40 1. 900 48.3 0. 15 3.68 2.72 4. 05 DTS 40
2 50 2. 375 60.3 0. 15 3. 91 3.66 5. 44 DTS 40
2 1/2 65 2. 875 73.0 0. 20 5.16 5.80 8.63 DTS 40
3 80 3. 500 88.90 0.22 5. 49 7.58 11.29 DTS 40
3 1/2 90 4. 000 101.60 0.23 5.74 9.12 13.57 DTS 40
4 100 4.500 114.30 0. 24 6. 02 10.80 16.07 DTS 40
5 125 5.56 141.30 0. 26 6.55 14,63 21.77 DTS 40
6 150 6.63 168.30 0.28 7. 11 18.99 28.26 DTS 40
8 200 8.63 219.10 0. 32 8.18 28.58 42.55 DTS 40
10 250 10.75 273. 00 0. 37 9.27 40.52 60.29 DTS 40
12 300 12.75 323. 80 0. 406 10.31 53.57 79.70   40
14 350 14.00 355.60 0. 44 11.13 63.50 94.55   40
16 400 16.00 406.40 0. 500 12.70 82.85 123.30 XS 40
18 450 18.00 457. 00 0. 56 14.27 104.76 155.87   40
20 500 20.00 508. 00 0. 59 15.09 123.23 183.42   40
24 600 24.00 610. 00 0. 69 17.48 171.45 255.24   40

Sceideal 80 de Phíopa Gnáthcheann ASTM A53

NPS DN Trastomhas Lasmuigh Tiús bhalla Aifreann Deireadh Gnáth ocht
Aicme
Sceideal
Níl.
IN MM IN MM lb/ft kg/m
1/8 6 0. 405 10.3 0. 095 2. 41 0,31 0. 47 XS 80
1/4 8 0. 54 13.7 0. 119 3. 02 0. 54 0. 80 XS 80
3/8 10 0. 675 17.1 0. 126 3.20 0.74 1. 10 XS 80
1/2 15 0.84 21.3 0. 147 3.73 1. 09 1.62 XS 80
3/4 20 1. 05 26.7 0. 154 3. 91 1. 48 2. 20 XS 80
1 25 1. 315 33.4 0. 179 4.55 2. 17 3.24 XS 80
1 1/2 40 1. 900 48.3 0. 200 5. 08 3.63 5. 41 XS 80
2 50 2. 375 60.3 0. 218 5.54 5. 03 7.48 XS 80
2 1/2 65 2. 875 73.0 0. 276 7. 01 7.67 11.41 XS 80
3 80 3. 500 88.9 0. 300 7.62 10.26 15.27 XS 80
3 1/2 90 4. 000 101.6 0. 318 8.08 12.52 18.63 XS 80
4 100 4.500 114.3 0. 337 8.56 15.00 22.32 XS 80
5 125 5. 563 141.3 0. 375 9.52 20.80 30.94 XS 80
6 150 6.625 168.3 0. 432 10.97 28.60 42.56 XS 80
8 200 8.625 219.1 0. 500 12.70 43.43 64.64 XS 80
10 250 10.75 273 0. 594 15.09 64.49 95.97   80
12 300 12.75 323.8 0. 688 17.48 88.71 132.04   80
14 350 14 355.6 0. 750 19.05 106.23 158.10   80
16 400 16 406.4 0. 844 21.44 136.74 203.53   80
18 450 18 457 0. 938 23.83 171.08 254.67   80
20 500 20 508 1. 031 26.19 209.06 311.17   80
24 600 24 610 1. 219 30.96 296.86 441.78   80

Is monaróir agus soláthraí píopa cruach carbóin táthaithe ardchaighdeáin atá againn ón tSín, agus freisin stocálaí píopa cruach gan uaim, ag tairiscint raon leathan réitigh píopa cruach duit!

clibeanna:astm a53, cairt meáchain píopa, píopa gnáth-deireadh, soláthraithe, monaróirí, monarchana, stocálaithe, cuideachtaí, mórdhíola, ceannach, praghas, luachan, mórchóir, ar díol, costas.


Am poist: Mar-05-2024

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