Saukewa: ASTM A335P11karfe bututu ne m ferritic low gami karfe bututu ga high-zazzabi sabis, UNS nadi K11597.
P11 shine chromium-molybdenum gami da chromium abun ciki na 1.00-1.50% da molybdenum abun ciki na 0.44-0.65%.
Ana amfani da ita a cikin tukunyar jirgi, superheaters, da masu musayar zafi a tashoshin wutar lantarki da tsire-tsire masu sinadarai.
Bukatun fasaha naASME SA335kumaASTM A335iri ɗaya ne, don haka don sauƙin gabatarwa, za mu yi amfani da "ASTM A335" don komawa ga waɗannan ƙa'idodi guda biyu.
Material: ASTM A335 P11 bututun ƙarfe mara nauyi;
OD: 1/8" - 24";
WT: daidai daBayanan Bayani na B36.10bukatun;
JadawalinSCH10, SCH20, SCH30,Farashin SCH40, SCH60,Farashin SCH80, SCH100, SCH120, SCH140 da SCH160;
Ganewa: STD, XS, XXS;
Keɓancewa: Hakanan ana samun nau'ikan bututun da ba daidai ba, ana samun girma na musamman akan buƙata;
Tsawon: Tsawon tsayi na musamman da bazuwar;
Takaddar IBR: Za mu iya tuntuɓar ƙungiyar dubawa ta ɓangare na uku don samun takaddun shaida na IBR bisa ga bukatun ku, ƙungiyoyin binciken haɗin gwiwarmu sune BV, SGS, TUV, da dai sauransu;
ƘarsheƘarshen lebur, beveled, ko haɗakar ƙarshen bututu;
Surface: Haske mai haske, fenti, da sauran kariya na wucin gadi, cire tsatsa da gogewa, galvanized da filastik mai rufi, da sauran kariya na dogon lokaci;
Shiryawa: Katako harka, karfe bel ko karfe waya shiryawa, roba ko baƙin ƙarfe bututu kare karshen, da dai sauransu.
Sai dai in an bayyana shi a cikin A335, kayan da aka tanadar a ƙarƙashin wannan ƙayyadaddun za su dace da buƙatun da ake buƙata na bugu na Musamman na yanzu.A999/A999M.
ASTM A335 karfe bututu dole ne ya zamam.Bututun ƙarfe mara nauyi suna ba da ingantaccen aminci da daidaito yayin da aka yi matsi da yanayin zafi.
Za'a iya rarraba sukumi musamman azaman sanyi da aka zana da zafi da aka gama, ya danganta da takamaiman aikace-aikacen da girman.
Ana amfani da zane mai sanyi don ƙananan diamita ko don bututun da ke buƙatar madaidaicin madaidaicin wuri mai kyau.Ana amfani da ƙarewa mai zafi don samar da manyan bututun ƙarfe madaidaiciya da kauri.
Da ke ƙasa akwai ginshiƙi mai gudana na tsarin masana'anta don bututun ƙarfe mara ƙarfi da aka gama.
Maganin zafi na kayan P11 na iya zama ko dai cikakke ko isothermal annealing ko tempering bayan daidaitawa, kuma lokacin daidaitawa da zafin jiki, zafin jiki ya kamata ya zama aƙalla 1200 ° F (650 ° C).
Daga sinadaran sinadaran, za mu iya ganin hakan cikin saukiP11 shine chromium-molybdenum gami.
Chromium-molybdenum gami nau'in ƙarfe ne na ƙarfe tare da chromium (Cr) da molybdenum (Mo) a matsayin manyan abubuwan haɗakarwa.Ƙarin waɗannan abubuwan suna ƙara ƙarfi, taurin, juriya, da juriya na lalata ƙarfe.A babban yanayin zafi, Cr-Mo alloys suna iya kiyaye kyawawan kaddarorin inji da ingantaccen tsari.
Cr: yana inganta juriya na oxyidation da juriya na lalata, yana taimakawa wajen samar da fim din oxide mai karfi, kuma yana kare abu daga kafofin watsa labaru masu lalata.
Mo: Yana haɓaka ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa, musamman a yanayin zafi mai zafi, inganta juriya mai raɗaɗi, da haɓaka ƙarfin zafin jiki na kayan aiki.
1. Dukiya mai ƙarfi
Ana amfani da gwajin tensile akai-akai don aunasamar da ƙarfi, karfin jurewa, kumaelongation na shirin gwaji na bututun ƙarfe, kuma ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin kayan kayan gwajin.
ATebur na 5 yana ba da mafi ƙarancin ƙididdiga.
Inda kaurin bango ya ta'allaka tsakanin dabi'u biyun da ke sama, mafi ƙarancin ƙimar elongation ana ƙaddara ta hanyar dabara mai zuwa:
Tsayi, P11: E = 48t + 15.00 [E = 1.87t + 15.00]
Mai juyawa, P11: E = 32t + 15.00 [E = 1.25t + 15.00]
inda:
E = tsawo a cikin 2 in. ko 50 mm,%,
t = ainihin kauri na samfurori, in. [mm].
2. Tauri
Bututun daraja P11 baya buƙatar gwajin taurin.
An bayar da ƙimar taurin tunani a ƙasa.
Yanayi mara kyau:
Taurin yawanci tsakanin 150 zuwa 200 HB.
Halin da aka saba da shi:
Taurin yana daga kusan 170 zuwa 220 HB.
Halin taurin kai:
Taurin zai iya kaiwa 250 zuwa 300 HB ko fiye, dangane da zafin jiki da lokaci.
3. Shirye-shiryen gwaji na zaɓi
Ba a buƙatar abubuwan gwaji masu zuwa abubuwan gwaji, idan ya cancanta za a iya tantance su ta hanyar shawarwari.
Binciken Samfura
Gwajin Lalacewa
Lanƙwasa Gwajin
Gwaje-gwajen Tsarin Ƙarfe da Ƙarfe
Hotunan bidiyo
Hotunan micrographs don Pieces guda ɗaya
P11 hydrotest zai bi buƙatun masu zuwa.
Diamita na waje sama da inci 10.[250mm] da kaurin bango ≤ 0.75in.[19mm]: wannan yakamata ya zama gwajin hydrostatic.
Wasu masu girma dabam don gwajin lantarki mara lalacewa.
Ana tattara buƙatun gwajin hydrostatic masu zuwa daga buƙatun ASTM A999:
Domin ferritic gami karfe da bakin karfe shambura, bango yana hõre matsa lamba na ba kasa da60% na ƙayyadadden ƙarfin yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Za a kiyaye matsa lamba na gwajin ruwa don aƙalla 5sba tare da yabo ko wasu lahani ba.
Na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa matsa lambaza a iya lissafta ta amfani da dabara:
P = 2St/D
P = gwajin gwajin hydrostatic a psi [MPa];
S = damuwa bangon bututu a psi ko [MPa];
t = ƙayyadadden kauri na bango, ƙayyadadden kauri na bango bisa ƙayyadaddun lambar jadawalin ANSI ko sau 1.143 ƙayyadadden ƙayyadadden kauri na bango, a cikin. [mm];
D = ƙayyadaddun diamita na waje, diamita na waje daidai da ƙayyadadden girman bututun ANSI, ko diamita na waje da aka ƙididdige su ta ƙara 2t (kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama) zuwa ƙayyadadden diamita na ciki, in. [mm].
Kowane bututu za a bincika ta hanyar gwajin da ba ta lalata ba daidai da Al'adaE213, AikiE309, ko PracticeE570.
Bambance-bambancen da aka halatta a Diamita
Don bututun da aka umarta zuwaciki diamita, Diamita na ciki bazai bambanta fiye da ± 1% daga ƙayyadadden diamita na ciki ba.
An yi odar tubingNPS [DN] ko waje diamitadole ne kada ya bambanta diamita na waje fiye da kayyade a cikin teburin da ke ƙasa.
Bambance-bambancen da aka halatta a cikin Kaurin bango
Dole ne a yi ma'aunin kauri na bango ta amfani da ma'aunin injina ko ingantattun na'urorin gwaji marasa lalacewa daidai gwargwado.Idan akwai jayayya, ma'aunin da aka ƙayyade ta amfani da ma'aunin injin zai yi nasara.
Matsakaicin kauri na bango da diamita na waje don dubawa don bin wannan buƙatun don bututun da NPS [DN] ya umarta da lambar jadawalin ana nunawa a cikiSaukewa: ASME B36.10M.
Yawanci ana amfani dashi a cikin tukunyar jirgi, superheaters, da masu musayar zafi a tashoshin wuta da tsire-tsire masu sinadarai.
Boilers: Ana amfani da P11 sosai wajen gina tukunyar jirgi saboda jure yanayin zafi da matsi, musamman a sassan da ke fuskantar matsanancin zafi da matsi.
Superheater: Ana amfani da shi don ƙara yawan zafin jiki na tururi don ƙara haɓaka haɓakar thermal.p11 yana tabbatar da cewa an kiyaye ƙarfin da ƙarfin kayan aiki har ma a yanayin zafi mai zafi.
Masu musayar zafi: P11 yana haɓaka lalata da haɓakar zafin jiki na masu musayar zafi, don haka inganta aminci da amincin kayan aiki.
Tsarin bututu: Tsarin bututu a cikin tsire-tsire masu sinadarai galibi suna buƙatar jigilar ruwan zafi ko tururi.Ƙarfin zafin jiki mai girma da kyawawan kayan aikin injiniya na P11 ya sa ya dace da waɗannan aikace-aikacen.
a) Menene ASTM A335 P11 daidai da?
GB/T 5310: 12CrMo;
DIN 17175: 10CrMo9-10 (1.7380);
EN 10216-2: 10CrMo9-10;
BS 3604: 10CrMo9-10;
JIS G3462: STPA23;
GOST 550-75: 12Kh1MF.
b)Shin P11 ƙananan ƙarfe ne?
Ee, P11 ƙaramin ƙarfe ne.
Karamin gami karfen karfen karfe ne wanda aka hada daya ko fiye da abubuwa masu hadewa (misali, chromium, molybdenum, nickel, da sauransu), tare da jimlar abun ciki na alloying gaba daya daga 1 zuwa 5 %.
c)Menene ƙarfin tensile na ASTM A335 P11?
Ƙarfin ƙarfi mafi ƙarancin 415 MPa [60 ksi].
d)Menene ƙarfin amfanin ASTM A335 P11?
Ƙarfin ƙarfi mafi ƙarancin 205 MPa [30 ksi].
e) Menene iyakar zafin jiki don ASTM A335 P11?
A cikin mahalli mai iskar oxygen: Matsakaicin yanayin zafi na sabis yawanci kusan 593°C (1100°F).
A cikin mahallin da ba oxidizing: matsakaicin zafin sabis na kusan 650°C (1200°F) za a iya cimma.
f)Shin A335 P11 Magnetic ne?
Yana da maganadisu a dakin da zafin jiki.Wannan kadarar tana iya zama da amfani a wasu aikace-aikace, kamar lokacin da ake buƙatar kayan don dacewa da kayan gano maganadisu.
g)Menene farashin ASTM A335 P11?
Farashin ya bambanta da kasuwa, tuntuɓe mu don ingantaccen zance.
