ASTM A556 bututun karfe ana amfani dashi galibi azaman bututun ƙarfe mara nauyi mara nauyi don tubular feedwater heaters.
Its ikon yinsa da aikace-aikace bututu ne maras sumul karfe tare da waje diamita size tsakanin 15.9-31.8mm da bango kauri ba kasa da 1.1mm.
Wannan labarin yana mai da hankali kan bututun ƙarfe kuma baya haɗa da U-tube da aka ambata a cikin ma'auni.
Diamita na waje: 5/8 - 1 1/4 in. [15.9 -31.8 mm].
Kaurin bango: ≥ 0.045 a [1.1 mm].
ASTM A556 ta rarraba maki uku,Babban darajar A2, Babban darajar B2, kumaBabban darajar C2.
Za a kera bututun ƙarfe ta hanyar amtsari kuma za a zana sanyi.
Sanyi-jawo sumul karfe bututu bayar high girma daidaito da kuma kyau surface gama yayin da tace microstructure da kuma inganta ta inji Properties kamar ƙarfi da taurin.Tsarin da ba shi da kyau ya sa tubes ya zama mafi kwanciyar hankali da aminci lokacin da ake fuskantar matsanancin matsin lamba da yanayin zafi, yana sa su dace da aikace-aikacen masana'antu da ke buƙatar madaidaici da aiki.
Duk da haka, ƙananan bututun ƙarfe maras nauyi mai sanyi sun fi tsada don samarwa saboda tsarin samar da su ya fi rikitarwa kuma yana buƙatar ƙarin ayyuka da kayan aiki.Bugu da ƙari, ƙananan ƙarancin samar da su, musamman ma a cikin samar da ƙararrawa, ba su da tattalin arziki kamar tsarin juyawa mai zafi, kuma a wasu lokuta ana iya samun ƙarin asarar kayan aiki, yana iyakance amfani da su a wasu aikace-aikace.
Za a yi amfani da bututu masu sanyi da zafi bayan wucewar sanyi na ƙarshe a zafin jiki na 1200°F [640°C] ko sama don tabbatar da ductility mai gamsarwa don mirgina cikin zanen bututu da kuma saduwa da kayan injin kamar yadda aka ƙayyade.
Idan an yi nazarin samfur, koma ASTM A751 don hanyoyin gwaji.
1. Dukiya mai ƙarfi
Hanyar gwaji: ASTM A450 Sashe na 7.
Don batches na har zuwa bututu 50, za a zaɓi bututu 1 don gwaji.
Don batches na fiye da bututu 50, za a zaɓi bututu 2 don gwaji.
2. Tauri
Hanyar gwaji: ASTM A450 Sashe na 23.
Za a gwada samfurori daga bututun gwaji guda biyu daga kowane kuri'a don taurin Brinell ko Rockwell.
Taurin Rockwell na bututu ba zai wuce wanda aka nuna a tebur ba.
| Daraja | Tauri |
| Babban darajar A2 | 72 HRBW |
| Babban darajar B2 | 79 HRBW |
| Babban darajar C2 | 89 HRBW |
3. Gwajin Lalacewa
Hanyar gwaji: ASTM A450 Sashe na 19.
Za a yi gwajin ƙwanƙwasa a kan samfuri ɗaya daga kowane ƙarshen bututun ƙarfe da aka gama daga zaɓin da bai wuce bututu 125 daga kowane ƙuri'a ba.
4. Gwajin Fitowa
Hanyar gwaji: ASTM A450 Sashe na 21.
Za a gudanar da gwaje-gwajen walƙiya akan samfuri ɗaya daga kowane ƙarshen bututun da aka gama, tare da zaɓin bututun da bai wuce 125 ba daga kowane tsari.
Babu gwajin hydrostatic na wajibi don bututun ƙarfe.
Koyaya, kowane bututun U-dole ne a gwada shi ta hanyar ruwa tare da ruwa mara lalacewa.
Kowane bututu za a gwada ta da wani mara lalacewa kayan aikin iya gano lahani a cikin dukan giciye-sashe na bututu bayan saman zafi jiyya biyo karshe sanyi zane ta.
Hanyoyin gwaji marasa lalacewa na Ƙayyadaddun bayanaiE213, Ƙayyadaddun bayanaiE309(don kayan ferromagnetic), Ƙayyadaddun bayanaiE426(don kayan da ba na maganadisu ba), ko Ƙayyadaddun bayanaiE570ana iya zaɓar don gwajin.
Haƙuri masu zuwa ba su shafi ɓangaren tanƙwalwar U-tube ba.
Bututun da aka gama ya kamata ya zama mara sikeli amma yana iya samun fim ɗin oxide a saman.
Bututun da aka gama za su kasance madaidaiciya madaidaiciya kuma suna da santsin ƙarewa mara fashe.Bututun za su kasance suna da ƙarewa irin na mai aiki kuma ba za su kasance marasa lahani waɗanda ba za a iya cire su ba a cikin haƙƙin bangon da aka yarda.
Ba za a buƙaci kawar da lahani na saman sama kamar alamar sarrafawa, alamar daidaitawa, madaidaicin haske da alamomin mutuwa, ramuka mara zurfi, da tsarin sikelin ma'auni muddin sun kasance cikin iya jurewar bango.
Ya kamata a rufe diamita na ciki da waje na bututun da aka gama don hana lalata yayin sufuri.
Rubutun gama gari sunetsatsa m mai, varnishes, kofenti.
Zaɓin kayan shafa yawanci ya dogara da ƙayyadaddun buƙatun aikace-aikacen bututun ƙarfe, yanayin amfani da aka yi niyya, da tsawon lokacin kariya.
Tubular feedwater heaters: Wannan shine ɗayan aikace-aikacen gama gari don ASTM A556 bututun ƙarfe.
A cikin masana'antar wutar lantarki, ana amfani da dumama ruwa don dumama ruwan tukunyar jirgi, yawanci ta hanyar fitar da tururi.Yin amfani da irin wannan nau'in bututun ƙarfe yana ba da damar ingantaccen canja wurin makamashi na thermal, inganta haɓakar makamashi gaba ɗaya da tsarin aiki.
Masu musayar zafi da na'urorin haɗi: Saboda kyawawan kaddarorin canjin zafi da juriya na lalata, ASTM A556 bututun karfe kuma ya dace don amfani da wasu nau'ikan masu musayar zafi da na'urorin da ake amfani da su a cikin nau'ikan sinadarai, petrochemical, da sauran hanyoyin masana'antu.
Tsarin tururi mai ƙarfi: Matsakaicin zafin jiki da tsayin daka na ASTM A556 tubing ya sa ya dace don amfani a cikin tsarin tururi mai mahimmanci da sauran aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar matsananciyar matsa lamba da juriya na zafin jiki.
Saukewa: ASTM A179/A179M- Wannan ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun iskar carbon karfe ne maras sumul mai sanyi da bututu don sabis na cryogenic.
Saukewa: ASTM A192/A192M- Yana ƙayyadaddun buƙatun fasaha don bututun tukunyar jirgi na carbon karfe maras sumul don tukunyar jirgi da aka yi amfani da su a cikin sabis na matsin lamba.
ASTM A210/A210M- Madaidaicin matsakaicin carbon mara ƙarfi da bututun tukunyar ƙarfe na ƙarfe-manganese don tukunyar jirgi da superheaters.
Saukewa: ASTM A213/A213M- Yana ba da ka'idoji don tukunyar jirgi mara nauyi da austenitic gami da ƙarfe, superheater, da bututun musayar zafi.
ASTM A249/A249M- Daidaitaccen dacewa ga tukunyar jirgi na austenitic karfe mai walda, superheater, mai musayar zafi, da bututun na'ura.
ASTM A334/A334M- Standard for m da welded carbon da gami karfe tubing for cryogenic sabis.
Kowane ɗayan waɗannan ma'auni yana rufe bututun ƙarfe da ake amfani da su a cikin masu musanya zafi, tukunyar jirgi ko makamantan aikace-aikace.Wani ma'auni da aka zaɓa ya dogara da takamaiman buƙatun aikace-aikacen, kamar zafin aiki, ƙimar matsa lamba, da juriya da ake tsammani.
Tun lokacin da aka kafa shi a cikin 2014, Botop Steel ya zama babban mai samar da bututun ƙarfe na carbon a Arewacin kasar Sin, wanda aka sani don kyakkyawan sabis, samfurori masu inganci, da cikakkun mafita.
Kamfanin yana ba da nau'ikan bututun ƙarfe na carbon da samfuran da ke da alaƙa, waɗanda suka haɗa da marasa ƙarfi, ERW, LSAW, da bututun ƙarfe na SSAW, da kuma cikakken jeri na kayan aikin bututu da flanges.Kayayyakinsa na musamman sun haɗa da gawa mai daraja da austenitic bakin karafa, waɗanda aka keɓance don biyan buƙatun ayyukan bututun.
