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ʻO ASTM A214 ERW ʻO ka Pipe kila kabone no nā mea hoʻololi wela a me nā condensers

ʻO ka wehewehe pōkole:

Kūlana hoʻokō: ASTM A214;
Nā hana hana: ERW;
Laulā nui: ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o ke anawaena o waho ma mua o 3in [76.2mm];
Ka lōʻihi: 3 m, 6 m, 12 m a i ʻole ka lōʻihi e like me ka makemake o ka mea kūʻai aku;

Hoʻohana: nā mea hoʻololi wela, nā condensers a me nā mea hoʻoili wela like.

Huahana Huahana

Huahana Huahana

ASTM A214 Hoʻolauna

ʻO ka pahu kila ASTM A214 he paipu kalapona i hoʻopaʻa ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻololi wela, condensers, a me nā mea hoʻoili wela like.Hoʻohana maʻamau ia i nā paipu kila me ke anawaena o waho ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 3in [76.2mm].

Lahi Nui

ʻO ka nui o nā paipu kila pili maʻamauʻaʻole nui ma mua o 3 iniha [76.2mm].

Hiki ke hoʻolako ʻia nā ʻano nui ʻē aʻe o ka paipu kila ERW, ke hoʻokō ʻia kēlā paipu i nā koi ʻē aʻe a pau o kēia kikoʻī.

Nā Kūlana Pili

Pono nā mea i hoʻolako ʻia ma lalo o kēia kikoʻī i nā koi kūpono o ka paʻi o kēia manawa o ka Specification A450/A450M.ke ole i hoakakaia maanei.

Nā Kaʻina Hana Hana

E hana ʻia nā paipu ekuʻikuʻi kūʻē uila (RW).

ERW Ke Kaʻina Hana Hana Hana Kiʻi

Me kona kumukūʻai hana haʻahaʻa, ka pololei kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, ka ikaika maikaʻi a me ka lōʻihi, a me ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻolālā ʻana, ua lilo ka paipu kila ERW i mea makemake nui no ka nui o nā ʻōnaehana paipu ʻoihana, ʻenehana hoʻolālā, a me nā ʻano hana like ʻole.

Hoʻomaʻamaʻa Wela

Ma hope o ka wili ʻana, e mālama ʻia nā paipu a pau ma kahi mahana o 1650°F [900°] a ʻoi aʻe paha a ma hope o ka hoʻolili ʻana i ka ea a i ʻole i loko o ke keʻena hoʻoluʻu o kahi umu ahi hoʻomalu.

E mālama ʻia nā paipu anuu i ka wela ma hope o ka puka ʻana o ka huki anu ma kahi mahana o 1200°F [650°C] a i ʻole.

ʻO ASTM A214 Ka Hui Kimia

C(Kapona) ʻO Mn(Manekene) P(Pōpena) S(Sulphur)
ʻoi loa 0.18% 0.27-0.63 ʻoi loa 0.035% ʻoi loa 0.035%

ʻAʻole ʻae ʻia ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā māka o ke kila kila e koi pono i ka hoʻohui ʻana i kekahi mea ʻē aʻe ma mua o nā mea i helu ʻia.

ASTM A214 Mechanical Properties

ʻAʻole pili nā koi mīkini i nā paipu me ke anawaena o loko ma lalo o 0.126 in [3.2 mm] a i ʻole ka mānoanoa emi ma lalo o 0.015 in [0.4 mm].

Waiwai Tensile

ʻAʻohe koi kikoʻī no nā waiwai tensile ma ASTM A214.

ʻO kēia no ka mea ua hoʻohana mua ʻia ʻo ASTM A214 no nā mea hoʻololi wela a me nā condensers.ʻAʻole maʻamau ka hoʻolālā a me ka hana ʻana o kēia mau mea hana i nā kaomi kiʻekiʻe ma luna o ka paipu.ʻO ka ʻokoʻa, hāʻawi ʻia ka manaʻo nui i ka hiki o ka paipu ke kū i ke kaomi, kona waiwai hoʻoili wela, a me kona kūpaʻa ʻana i ka corrosion.

Ho'āʻo palahalaha

No ka paipu welded, ʻaʻole emi ka lōʻihi o ka pauku hoʻāʻo ma mua o 4 in (100 mm).

Ua hana ʻia ka hoʻokolohua ma nā ʻanuʻu ʻelua:

ʻO ka hana mua ka hoʻāʻo ductility, ka ʻili o loko a i waho paha o ka paipu kila, ʻaʻohe māwae a haki paha a hiki i ka liʻiliʻi o ka mamao ma waena o nā papa ma mua o ka waiwai o H i helu ʻia e like me ke ʻano ma lalo.

H=(1+e)t/(e+t/D)

H= ka mamao ma waena o nā papa palahalaha, in. [mm],

t= mānoanoa pā o ka paipu, in.[mm],

D= ka anawaena waho o ka paipu, in. [mm],

e= 0.09(deformation no kēlā me kēia ʻāpana lōʻihi)(0.09 no ka haʻahaʻa-carbon kila (ka palena kiʻekiʻe i koho ʻia he 0.18 % a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi)).

ʻO ka ʻaoʻao ʻelua ka hoʻāʻo pono, e hoʻomau ʻia ka palahalaha a hiki i ka haki ʻana o ka mea hoʻohālike a hui ʻia nā paia paipu.I loko o ka ho'āʻo palahalaha, inā loaʻa nā mea laminated a i ʻole ke kani ʻana, a inā ʻaʻole piha ka weld, e hōʻole ʻia.

Ho'āʻo Flange

Pono ka ʻāpana o ka paipu i hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i kahi kūlana ma nā kihi ʻākau i ke kino o ka paipu me ka ʻole o ka haki ʻana a i ʻole nā ​​hemahema i hiki ke hōʻole ʻia ma lalo o nā ʻōlelo kikoʻī o ka huahana.

ʻAʻole e emi ka laulā o ka flange no nā kila kalapona a me nā hao hao ma mua o nā pākēneka.

Anawaena waho Laulā o Flange
I ka 2½ in[63.5mm], incl 15% o OD
Ma luna o 2½ a hiki i 3¾ [63.5 a hiki i 95.2], incl 12.5% ​​o OD
Ma luna o 3¾ i 8 [95.2 i 203.2], me 15% o OD

Ho'āʻo hoʻopololei hoʻohuli

He 5 iniha [100 mm] ka lōʻihi o ka paipu wiliwili i hoʻopau ʻia i ka nui a hiki i ka ½ in. [12.7 mm] i waho o ke anawaena o waho e māhele ʻia me ka longitudinal 90° ma kēlā me kēia ʻaoʻao o ka weld a wehe ʻia ka hāpana a palahalaha me ka weld ma kahi o ka piko loa.

ʻAʻole e ʻike ʻia nā māwae ʻaʻole i komo i loko a i uhi ʻia paha ma muli o ka wehe ʻana o ka uila i ka weld.

Ho'āʻo Paʻakikī

ʻAʻole e ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka paipu72 HRBW.

No nā paipu 0.200 in [5.1 mm] a ʻoi aku ka mānoanoa o ka pā, e hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻāʻo ʻo Brinell a i ʻole Rockwell.

Ho'āʻo Hydrostatic a i ʻole hoʻāʻo uila non-destructive

Hana ʻia ka hoʻāʻo hydrostatic a i ʻole ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka uila ma kēlā me kēia paipu kila.

Hoʻāʻo Hydrostatic

ʻO kaka nui o ke kaomi waiwaipono e mālama ʻia no ka liʻiliʻi o 5 mau hola me ka ʻole o ka leakage.

ʻO ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa hydrostatic e pili ana i ke anawaena o waho a me ka mānoanoa pā o ka paipu.Hiki ke helu ʻia e ke kumu.

ʻImi-Pound Units: P = 32000 t/DorNā Mokuna SI: P = 220.6 t/D

P= kaomi ho'āʻo hydrostatic, psi a i ʻole MPa,

t= mānoanoa pā i kuhikuhi ʻia, in. a i ʻole mm,

D= i kuhikuhi ʻia ke anawaena waho, i loko a i ʻole mm.

Pumi hoʻokolohua kiʻekiʻe, e hoʻokō i nā koi ma lalo nei.

Mawaho anawaena o ka Tube ʻO ke kaomi hoʻāʻo Hydrostatic, psi [MPa]
OD <1 in OD <25.4 mm 1000 [7]
1≤ OD <1½ iniha 25.4≤ OD <38.1 mm 1500 [10]
1½≤ OD <2 iniha 38.≤ OD <50.8 mm 2000 [14]
2≤ OD <3 iniha 50.8≤ OD <76.2 mm 2500 [17]
3≤ OD <5 iniha 76.2≤ OD <127 mm 3500 [24]
OD ≥5 in OD ≥127 mm 4500 [31]

Hoao Uila Nondestructive

E nānā ʻia kēlā me kēia paipu e nā ʻano hoʻokolohua non-destructive e like me ka Specification E213, Specification E309 (ferromagnetic material), Specification E426 (non-magnetic material), a i ʻole Specification E570.

Ka hoomanawanui ana

Loaʻa ka ʻikepili aʻe mai ka ASTM A450 a hoʻokō i nā koi kūpono no ka paipu kila welded wale nō.

Wehe Wehe

0 - +10%, ʻaʻohe hoʻokaʻawale i lalo.

Hiki ke helu ʻia ke kaumaha o ka paipu kila ma ke ʻano.

W = C(Dt)t

W= kaumaha, Ib/ft [kg/m],

C= 10.69 no nā ʻāpana ʻīniha [0.0246615 no nā ʻāpana SI],

D= i kuhikuhi ʻia ke anawaena waho, in. [mm],

t= mānoanoa pā liʻiliʻi i ʻōlelo ʻia, in. [mm].

Paʻa mānoanoa o ka pā

0 - +18%.

ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mānoanoa o ka pā o kēlā me kēia ʻāpana o ka paipu kila 0.220 in [5.6 mm] a ʻoi aʻe ma mua o ±5% o ka mānoanoa o ka pā maoli o kēlā pauku.

ʻO ka mānoanoa o ka paia ka awelika o ka mānoanoa a me ka lahilahi o ka paia o ka ʻāpana.

Kaʻe anawaena o waho

Anawaena waho ʻAe ʻia nā ʻano like ʻole
in mm in mm
OD ≤1 OD ≤ 25.4 ±0.004 ±0.1
1< OD ≤1½ 25.4< OD ≤38.4 ±0.006 ±0.15
1½< OD <2 38.1< OD <50.8 ±0.008 ±0.2
2≤ OD <2½ 50.8≤ OD <63.5 ±0.010 ±0.25
2½≤ OD <3 63.5≤ OD <76.2 ±0.012 ±0.30
3≤ OD ≤4 76.2≤ OD ≤101.6 ±0.015 ±0.38
4< OD ≤7½ 101.6< OD ≤190.5 -0.025 - +0.015 -0.64 - +0.038
7½< OD ≤9 190.5< OD ≤228.6 -0.045 - +0.015 -1.14 - +0.038

Nā hiʻohiʻona

 

ʻAʻole unahi ʻia nā lubes i hoʻopau ʻia.ʻAʻole e manaʻo ʻia ka nui o ka oxidation ma ke ʻano he unahi.

Hoailona

E hōʻailona maopopo ʻia kēlā me kēia paipu me kainoa a mea hana paha, helu kikoʻī, a me ERW.

Hiki ke kau ʻia ka inoa a i ʻole ka hōʻailona o ka mea hana ma kēlā me kēia paipu ma ka ʻōwili ʻana a i ʻole ke kaha māmā ʻana ma mua o ka hana maʻamau.

Inā hoʻokomo ʻia kahi kaha hoʻokahi ma ka lima, ʻaʻole pono e emi kēia māka ma lalo o 8 iniha [200 mm] mai kekahi kihi o ka paipu.

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ka ASTM A214 Steel Tubing

Ke kū'ē i nā wela kiʻekiʻe a me nā pilikia: ʻO ka hiki ke kū i nā wela kiʻekiʻe a me nā pilikia he waiwai nui loa ia i nā pūnaewele hoʻololi wela.

Maikaʻi ka wela wela: ʻO nā mea hana a me ke kaʻina hana o kēia paipu kila e hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka conductivity thermal maikaʻi loa no nā noi e koi ana i ka hoʻololi wela kūpono.

Weldability: ʻO kekahi mea maikaʻi ʻē aʻe, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia e ka welding, e maʻalahi ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana.

ʻO ASTM A214 Paipu kila

Hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā mea hoʻololi wela, condensers, a me nā mea hoʻoili wela like.

1. Nā mea hoʻololi wela: Ma nā kaʻina hana ʻoihana like ʻole, hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻololi wela e hoʻololi i ka ikehu wela mai kahi wai (wai a i ʻole kinoea) i kekahi me ka ʻole e ʻae iā lākou e hele pololei.Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā paipu kila ASTM A214 i kēia ʻano mea hana no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke kūpaʻa i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me nā kaomi i hiki ke hana i ka hana.

2. Condensers: Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā condensers no ka wehe ʻana i ka wela i nā kaʻina hoʻolili, e laʻa me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻoheheʻe a me ka ea, a i ʻole no ka hoʻohuli ʻana i ka mahu i ka wai ma nā hale mana.Hoʻohana ʻia lākou i kēia mau ʻōnaehana ma muli o kā lākou conductivity thermal maikaʻi a me ka ikaika mechanical.

3. Mea hoʻololi wela: Hoʻohana pū ʻia kēia ʻano paipu kila i nā mea hoʻololi wela ʻē aʻe e like me nā mea hoʻololi wela a me nā condensers, e like me nā evaporators a me nā mea hoʻomaha.

Mea Kaulike ASTM A214

ASTM A179: he mea hoʻololi wela kila maʻemaʻe a me ka paipu condenser.Hoʻohana maʻamau ia i nā noi me nā noi like, e like me nā mea hoʻololi wela a me nā condensers.ʻOiai ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka A179, hāʻawi ia i nā waiwai hoʻololi wela like.

ASTM A178: Uhi kūʻē-welded carbon a carbon-manganese kila boiler paipu.Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau paipu i nā boilers a me nā superheaters, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā noi hoʻololi wela me nā pono like, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā lālā welded.

ASTM A192: uhi ʻia nā paipu paila kalapona kila ʻole no ka lawelawe puʻe kiʻekiʻe.ʻOiai ua manaʻo nui ʻia kēia mau paipu no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kaiapuni kiʻekiʻe a me ka wela, ʻo kā lākou mau mea hana a me nā kaʻina hana e kūpono ai no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻoili wela ʻē aʻe e koi ana i ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa wela.

ʻO kā mākou pono

 

ʻO mākou kahi mea hana kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe welded carbon steel paipu a me ka mea hoʻolako mai Kina, a me kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe paipu kila maʻemaʻe, hāʻawi iā ʻoe i kahi ākea o nā paipu kila!

No nā nīnau a i ʻole e aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i kā mākou hāʻawi, mai hoʻokaʻulua e hoʻokaʻaʻike mai iā mākou.ʻO kāu mau hoʻonā paipu kila maikaʻi he memo wale nō!


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