ASTM A334Papa 1he paipu kila kalapona ʻole a welded no ka lawelawe haʻahaʻa wela.
Loaʻa iā ia ka nui o ke kalapona ma 0.30%, kahi manganese ma 0.40-1.60%, ka ikaika tensile haʻahaʻa o 380Mpa (55ksi), a me ka ikaika hua o 205Mpa (30ksi).
Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia no ka lawe ʻana i ka wai ma nā wahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, nā lako refrigeration, a me nā noi ʻoihana ʻē aʻe e koi ai i ka hopena haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
Loaʻa i ka ASTM A334 nā māka e pili ana i nā kaiapuni haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi:Papa 1, Papa 3, Papa 6, Papa 7, Papa 8, Papa 9, a me Papa 11.
ʻElua ʻano kila, ke kila kalapona a me ke kila kila.
Papa 1aPapa 6he mau kila kalapona.
Hiki iā lākou ke hana ʻia enā kaʻina hana ʻole a welded.
I ka hana ʻana i nā paipu kila ʻole, ʻelua mau kaʻina hana,Hoʻopau wela a huki anu.
ʻO ka koho e pili nui i ka hoʻohana hope ʻana o ka paipu, ka nui o ka paipu, a me nā koi kikoʻī no nā waiwai waiwai.
Aia ma lalo kahi kiʻi o ke kaʻina hana hana ʻole wela i hoʻopau ʻia.
ʻO kapau welaʻO ke kaʻina hana paipu maʻemaʻe e pili ana i ka hoʻomehana ʻana i ka billet kila i kahi wela kiʻekiʻe a laila hana i ka paipu ma ka ʻōwili ʻana a i ʻole ka extruding.Hana ʻia kēia kaʻina hana i nā wela kiʻekiʻe a kōkua i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka microstructure o ka mea, a laila e hoʻonui ai i kona paʻakikī holoʻokoʻa a me ke kūlike.
ʻO ke kaʻina hana hoʻopau wela ua kūpono loa i ka hana ʻana i nā paipu nui-diameter a me ka pā mānoanoa, i hoʻohana mau ʻia i nā pipelines kaʻa nui a me nā noi hoʻolālā, a kūpono no ka hana kiʻekiʻe ma muli o kāna kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa.
Huki anuHoʻohana ʻia nā paipu kila maʻemaʻe ma ka hoʻolōʻihi ʻana ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana o ka mea i mea e loaʻa ai ka nui a me ke ʻano kūpono.Hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi kēia ʻano hana i ka pololei o ka dimensional a me ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka ʻili o ka huahana, ʻoiai ʻo ka hopena paʻakikī hana anu e hoʻonui ai i nā waiwai mechanical o ka paipu, e like me ka ikaika a me ka pale ʻana.
ʻO ke kaʻina hana kiʻi anu i kūpono loa i ka hana ʻana i nā paipu me nā diameters liʻiliʻi a me nā mānoanoa pā lahilahi kahi e koi ʻia ai ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili maikaʻi a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā wahi e like me nā ʻōnaehana hydraulic, nā ʻāpana automotive, a me nā mea hana kiʻekiʻe e hālāwai ai. nā pono hana kiʻekiʻe, ʻoiai ma ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe.
E hoʻomaʻamaʻa ma ka hoʻomehana ʻana i kahi mahana like ʻole ma lalo o 1550 °F [845 °C] a hoʻolili i ka lewa a i ʻole i loko o ke keʻena hoʻoluʻu o ka umu hoʻomalu lewa.
Inā makemake ʻia ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana, pono e kūkākūkā ʻia.
No nā pae ma luna o nā paipu kila ʻole wale:
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa a hoʻomalu i ka hana wela a me ka mahana o ka hana hoʻopau wela a hiki i kahi pae wela hoʻopau mai 1550 - 1750 °F [845 - 955 ℃] a hoʻomaʻalili i loko o kahi umu ahi hoʻomalu ʻia mai kahi wela mua ʻaʻole i emi iho ma mua o 1550 °F [ 845 °C].
Hoʻolālā ʻia ka kemika papa 1 e hoʻohālikelike i ka ikaika, ka paʻakikī, a me ka paʻakikī haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa no nā noi ma nā wahi wela haʻahaʻa.
| Papa | C(Kapona) | ʻO Mn(Manekene) | P(Pōpena) | S(Sulphur) |
| Papa 1 | 0.30% kiʻekiʻe | 0.40-1.06 % | ʻoi loa 0.025 % | ʻoi loa 0.025 % |
| No kēlā me kēia hōʻemi o 0.01% kalapona ma lalo o 0.30%, e ʻae ʻia ka piʻi ʻana o 0.05% manganese ma luna o 1.06% i ka nui o 1.35% manganese. | ||||
ʻO ke kalapona ka mea nui e hoʻonui ai i ka ikaika a me ka paʻakikī o ke kila, akā i nā noi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe carbon content ke hōʻemi i ka paʻakikī o ka mea.
Papa 1, me ka nui kalapona maʻiʻo o 0.30%, ua hoʻokaʻawale 'ia i haʻahaʻa-carbon kila a hoomaluia ma ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e oi kona haʻahaʻa-mehana paʻakikī.
Ua helu ʻia nā waiwai elongation liʻiliʻi no kēlā me kēia 1/32 in. [0.80 mm] emi i ka mānoanoa pā.
Hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua hopena ma ka pae kila 1ma -45°C [-50°F], i hoʻolālā ʻia e hōʻoia i ka paʻakikī a me ke kūʻē ʻana o ka mea i loko o nā wahi wela haʻahaʻa.Hana ʻia ka hoʻāʻo ma ke koho ʻana i ka ikehu hopena kūpono e pili ana i ka mānoanoa o ka pā o ka paipu kila.
Notched-bar impact specimens of the simple beam, Charpy-type, e like me ka Test Methods E23.ʻAno A, me kahi ʻano V.
ʻElua mau ʻano maʻamau o ke ana paʻakikī ʻo ia ka Rockwell a me Brinell hoʻāʻo paʻakikī.
| Papa | Rockwell | Brinell |
| ASTM A334 Papa 1 | B 85 | 163 |
ʻO kēlā me kēia paipu e hoʻāʻo ʻole ʻia me ka uila a i ʻole hydrostatically e like me STM A1016/A1016M.Inā ʻaʻole i kuhikuhi ʻia ma ke kauoha kūʻai, ʻo ke ʻano o ka hoʻāʻo e hoʻohana ʻia ma ke koho a ka mea hana.
Ma waho aʻe o nā hōʻailona i hōʻike ʻia ma Specification A1016/A1016M, e hoʻokomo ʻia ka mākaʻikaʻi ʻana i ka wela wela, huki ʻia ke anu, ʻole, a i ʻole welded, a me nā leka "LT" i ukali ʻia e ka mahana i hana ʻia ai ka hopena hopena.
Inā ʻaʻole lawa ka nui o ka paipu kila i hoʻopau ʻia no ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi hōʻailona hopena liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻole e hoʻokomo ʻia ka māka i nā leka LT a me ka mahana hoʻāʻo i hōʻike ʻia.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā ʻano hana ʻenehana e koi ana i ka hana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
Ka lawe wai cryogenic: Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka paipu kila papa 1 no ka lawe ʻana i nā wai cryogenic e like me ke kinoea kūlohelohe liquefied (LNG), ke kinoea ʻaila liquefied (LPG), a me nā kemika cryogenic ʻē aʻe.Pono e lawe ʻia kēia mau wai me ka palekana ma nā mahana ma lalo o ka ambient, a mālama ka paipu kila Papa 1 i kona mau waiwai kino a me ka pololei o ke kūkulu ʻana i kēia mau wela haʻahaʻa.
Pūnaehana pahu hau a me nā mea hana: Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia no ka paipu hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i nā mea hoʻoluʻu ma kēia mau ʻōnaehana.
Nā mea hoʻololi wela a me nā condenser: He mea koʻikoʻi nā mea hoʻololi wela a me nā condensers i ka ʻoihana ʻenehana a me ka ikehu, e hoʻohana pinepine ana i nā paipu kila Grade 1 ma ke ʻano he mea hale.Pono kēia mau mea hana i nā mea e mālama ai i ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa corrosion i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e hōʻoia i ka hilinaʻi o ka hana lōʻihi a me ka pono.
ʻO nā keʻena mālama anuanu a me ka pahu hau: I loko o ka waihona anu a me nā keʻena hoʻoheheʻe ʻē aʻe, pono e hoʻololi ʻia nā ʻōnaehana paipu i nā wela haʻahaʻa loa.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka paipu kila papa 1 no ke kūkulu ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana paipu ma kēia mau keʻena ma muli o kona hiki ke hoʻomau i ka hana ma nā wahi anu me ka nele.
1. EN 10216-4: P215NL, P255QL;
2. DIN 17173:TTSt35N;
3. JIS G3460:STPL 380;
4. GB/T 18984: 09Mn2V.
Hoʻolālā ʻia kēia mau maʻamau a me nā māka e loaʻa nā waiwai like a i like paha me ka ASTM A334 Grade 1, me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i nā waiwai haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me nā pono hana kūpono.
Mai kona hoʻokumu ʻana i ka makahiki 2014, ua lilo ʻo Botop Steel i mea hoʻolako alakaʻi i ka paipu kila carbon ma Northern China, i ʻike ʻia no ka lawelawe maikaʻi loa, nā huahana kiʻekiʻe, a me nā hoʻonā piha.Hāʻawi ka hui i nā ʻano paipu kila kalapona a me nā huahana pili, me ka seamless, ERW, LSAW, a me ka paipu kila SSAW, a me ka laina piha o nā paipu paipu a me nā flanges.
ʻO kāna mau huahana kūikawā pū kekahi me nā mea kila kiʻekiʻe a me nā austenitic stainless steel, i hana ʻia e hoʻokō i nā koi o nā papahana pipeline like ʻole.
