ASTM A335 P91, i ʻike ʻia ʻoASME SA335 P91, he paipu kila ferritic hoʻoheheʻe ʻia no ka lawelawe wela wela, UNS No. K91560.
Loaʻa iā ia ka palena ikiikaika tensile o 585 MPa(85 ksi) a me ka liʻiliʻi loahua ikaika o 415 MPa(60 ksi).
P91Loaʻa ka nui o nā mea hoʻohui e like me ka chromium a me ka molybdenum, a ua hoʻohui ʻia nā ʻano mea hoʻohui ʻē aʻe, no kakila kila kiʻekiʻe, no laila, loaʻa iā ia ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ke kūpaʻa corrosion maikaʻi loa.
Eia kekahi, loaʻa ka P91 i ʻelua ʻano,ʻAno 1aʻAno 2, a hoʻohana mau ʻia i nā mea kanu mana, nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe, nā mea hana kemika i nā lako koʻikoʻi, a me nā paipu ma nā wahi wela a me ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka paipu kila P91 i ʻelua ʻano, Type 1 a me Type 2.
Ua like nā ʻano ʻelua i ke ʻano o nā waiwai mechanical a me nā koi ʻē aʻe e like me ka mālama wela,me nā ʻokoʻa liʻiliʻi o ka haku melemele a me ka nānā pono ʻana i ka noi.
haku mele ʻana: Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me Type 1, ʻoi aku ke koʻikoʻi o ka haku mele ʻana o ka Type 2 a loaʻa i nā mea hoʻohui i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka wela a me ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion.
Nā noi: Ma muli o ka haku mele ʻana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke ʻano 2 no nā wela kiʻekiʻe loa a i ʻole nā kaiapuni corrosive, a i ʻole i nā noi kahi e koi ʻia ai ka ikaika a me ka lōʻihi.
Pono ka paipu kila ASTM A335maʻemaʻe.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kaʻina hana seamlesspau welaahuki anu.
Aia ma lalo kahi kiʻi o ka hana hoʻopau wela.
ʻO ka mea nui, P91, he paipu kila kila kiʻekiʻe, i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā wahi paʻakikī e pili ana i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wela a me ke koʻikoʻi, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka paipu kila maʻemaʻe a hiki ke hana ʻia i ka pā mānoanoa, no laila e hōʻoia i ka palekana kiʻekiʻe a me ka maikaʻi o ka uku. .
P91 Pono nā paipu a pau e mālama i ka wela no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka microstructure o ka paipu, hoʻomaikaʻi i kona mau pono mechanical, a hoʻonui i ke kū'ē i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wela a me ke kaomi.
P91 ʻAno 1 Nā Mea Kemika
P91 ʻAno 2 Nā Mea Kemika
Me nā kiʻi ʻelua ma luna, ua maʻalahi ke ʻike i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ke ʻano 1 a me ke ʻano 2 mau mea kemika a me nā kapu.
1. Waiwai Tensile
Hoʻohana mau ʻia ka hoʻāʻo tensile e ana i kahua ikaika, ikaika tensile, aelongation o ka papahana hoʻokolohua paipu kila, a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā waiwai waiwai o ka hoʻāʻo.
AHāʻawi ka papa 5 i nā kumu waiwai liʻiliʻi i helu ʻia.
Ma kahi e waiho ai ka mānoanoa o ka pā ma waena o nā waiwai ʻelua ma luna, ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka waiwai elongation liʻiliʻi e kēia ʻano kumu:
Loihi, P91: E = 32t + 15.00 [E = 1.25t + 15.00]
ma hea:
E = elongation i 2 in. a i ʻole 50 mm, %,
t = mānoanoa maoli o nā specimens, in. [mm].
2. Oolea
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano hana hoʻāʻo paʻakikī, me Vickers, Brinell, a me Rockwell.
ʻO ka mānoanoa o ka pā <0.065 in. [1.7 mm]: ʻAʻohe hoʻāʻo paʻakikī;
0.065 in. [1.7 mm] ≤ pā mānoanoa <0.200 in. [5.1 mm]: E hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻāʻo ʻo Rockwell hardness;
ʻO ka mānoanoa o ka pā ≥ 0.200 in. [5.1 mm]: hoʻohana koho i ka hoʻāʻo paʻakikī Brinell a i ʻole ka hoʻāʻo paʻakikī ʻo Rockwell.
Pili ka ho'āʻo paʻakikī Vickers i nā mānoanoa pā a pau o ka paipu.Hana ʻia ke ʻano hoʻāʻo e like me nā koi o E92.
3. Ho'āʻo palahalaha
E mālama ʻia nā hoʻokolohua e like me ka pauku 20 o ka maʻamau ASTM A999.
4. Ho'āʻo Piʻo
E kūlou i ka 180° ma ka lumi wela, ʻaʻohe māwae e ʻike ʻia ma waho o ka ʻāpana i piʻo.
Nui > NPS25 a i ʻole D/t ≥ 7.0: Pono e hana ʻia ka hoʻāʻo ʻana me ka ʻole o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana.
5. P91 Nā Papahana Hoʻokolohua Koho
ʻAʻole koi ʻia nā mea hoʻokolohua ma lalo nei i nā mea hoʻāʻo, inā pono hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia ma ke kūkākūkā ʻana.
S1: Nānā Huahana
S3: Ho'āʻo palahalaha
S4: Nā Ho'āʻo ʻana i ke kūkulu metala a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana
S5: Photomicrographs
S6: Photomicrographs no kēlā me kēia ʻāpana
S7: Lapaʻau Wela ʻē aʻe-Papa P91 ʻAno 1 a me ʻAno 2
E hoʻokō ka hoʻāʻo wai P91 i nā koi aʻe.
Ke anawaena o waho ＞10in.[250mm] a me ka mānoanoa pā ≤ 0.75in.[19mm]: he ho'āʻo hydrostatic kēia.
Nā nui ʻē aʻe no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka uila non-destructive.
No ke kila kila ferritic a me nā paipu kila kila, ua kau ʻia ka pā i ke kaomi ʻaʻole i emi iho60% o ka ikaika hua liʻiliʻi i kuhikuhi ʻia.
E mālama ʻia ke kaomi hoʻāʻo hydro no ka liʻiliʻi 5sme ka leaka ole a me na hemahema e ae.
Pumi hydraulichiki ke helu ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano:
P = 2St/D
P= hydrostatic ho'āʻo kaomi ma psi [MPa];
S = ke koʻikoʻi o ka pā paipu ma ka psi a i ʻole [MPa];
t = mānoanoa pā i kuhikuhi ʻia, mānoanoa pā i koho ʻia e like me ka helu ANSI i ʻōlelo ʻia a i ʻole 1.143 mau manawa o ka mānoanoa pā liʻiliʻi i ʻōlelo ʻia, in. [mm];
D = anawaena waho i hoakakaia, anawaena o waho e pili ana i ka nui paipu ANSI i hoakakaia, a i ole ke anawaena o waho i heluia ma ka hoonui ana i 2t (e like me ka hoakaka ana maluna) i ka anawaena o loko i hoakakaia, in. [mm].
Nānā ʻia ka paipu P91 ma o ke ʻano hoʻāʻo E213.ʻO ka maʻamau E213 pili nui i ka hoʻāʻo ultrasonic (UT).
Inā ʻōlelo ʻia ma ke kauoha, hiki ke nānā ʻia e like me ke ʻano hoʻāʻo E309 a i ʻole E570.
ʻO ka maʻamau E309 ka mea maʻamau e pili ana i ka nānā electromagnetic (eddy current), aʻo E570 kahi ala nānā e pili ana i nā arrays eddy current.
ʻAe ʻia nā ʻokoʻa i ke anawaena
No ka paipu i kauohaia eanawaena o loko, ʻaʻole e ʻokoʻa ke anawaena o loko ma mua o ±1% mai ke anawaena o loko i ʻōlelo ʻia.
Ua kauoha ʻia ʻo TubingNPS [DN] a i ʻole nā anawaena wahoʻAʻole pono e hoʻololi i nā anawaena o waho ma mua o ka mea i kuhikuhi ʻia ma nā papa ma lalo.
ʻAe ʻia nā ʻokoʻa o ka mānoanoa o ka pā
E hana ʻia nā ana mānoanoa o ka pā me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā calipers mechanical a i ʻole nā mea hoʻāʻo ʻole i hoʻopaʻa pono ʻia me ka pololei kūpono.I ka hihia o ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa, e lanakila ke ana i hoʻoholo ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā calipers mechanical.
Hōʻike ʻia ka mānoanoa liʻiliʻi o ka pā a me ke anawaena o waho no ka nānā ʻana no ka hoʻokō ʻana i kēia koi no ka paipu i kauoha ʻia e NPS [DN] a me ka helu hoʻonohonoho.ASME B36.10M.
Nā hemahema
Manaʻo ʻia nā hemahema o ka ʻili inā ʻoi aku lākou ma mua o 12.5% o ka mānoanoa o ka paia i koho ʻia a ʻoi aku paha i ka mānoanoa o ka pā haʻahaʻa.
Nā hemahema
ʻO nā hōʻailona mīkini, abrasions, a me nā lua, ʻoi aku ka hohonu o kekahi o ia mau hemahema ma mua o 1/16 iniha [1.6 mm].
Ua wehewehe ʻia nā māka a me nā abrasions e like me nā hōʻailona uwea, nā dinges, nā māka alakaʻi, nā māka ʻōwili, nā ʻōpala pōleʻa, nā helu, nā māka make, a me nā mea like.
Hoʻoponopono
Hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā hemahema ma ka wili ʻana, inā ʻaʻole emi ka mānoanoa o ka pā i koe ma mua o ka mānoanoa liʻiliʻi o ka pā.
Hiki ke hana hou ʻia ma ka wiliwili akā pono e hoʻokō i nā koi kūpono o A999.
E hana ʻia nā wiliwili hoʻoponopono a pau ma P91 me kekahi o nā kaʻina hana wiliwili a me nā mea hoʻohana: SMAW, A5.5/A5.5M E90XX-B9:SAW, A5.23/A5.23M EB9 + neutral flux;GTAW, A5.28/A5.28M ER90S-B9;a me FCAW A5.29/A5.29M E91TI-B9.Eia kekahi, ʻo ka huina o ka ʻike Ni + Mn o nā mea hoʻohana welding a pau i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka P91 Type 1 a me Type 2 ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ma mua o 1.0%.
Pono e mālama ʻia ka paipu P91 i ka wela ma 1350-1470 °F [730-800°C] ma hope o ka hoʻoponopono weld.
Aia ma ka ʻili o waho o ka paipu kila i nānā ʻia i kēia mau mea:
Ka inoa o ka mea hana a hōʻailona paha;helu maʻamau;papa;ka lōʻihi a me ka hōʻailona hou "S".
Pono e hoʻokomo pū ʻia nā hōʻailona no ke kaomi hydrostatic a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻole luku ʻia ma ka papa ma lalo.
Inā hoʻoponopono ʻia ka paipu ma ka wili, e hōʻailona ʻia "WR".
p91 Pono e hōʻike ʻia ke ʻano (Type 1 or Type 2).
EN 10216-2: X10CrMoVNb9-1 a i ʻole 1.4903;
JIS G 3462: STPA 28;
GB/T 5310: 10Cr9Mo1VNb;
Kokoke loa kēia mau mea like i ka haku mele a me nā waiwai mechanical i ka ASTM A335 P91.
Material: ASTM A335 P91 paipu kila maʻemaʻe;
OD: 1/8"- 24";
WT: kulike meASME B36.10nā koi;
Papa kuhikuhi: SCH10, SCH20, SCH30,SCH40, SCH60,SCH80, SCH100, SCH120, SCH140 a me SCH160;
ʻIkepili:STD (maʻamau), XS (kekahi-ikaika), a i ʻole XXS (pālua keu-ikaika);
Hoʻopilikino: Loaʻa ka nui o ka paipu maʻamau ʻole, loaʻa nā nui i hoʻopili ʻia ma ke noi;
Ka lōʻihi: ʻO nā lōʻihi kikoʻī a me ka ʻole;
Palapala IBR: Hiki iā mākou ke hoʻokaʻaʻike aku i ka hui nānā ʻekolu ʻaoʻao e kiʻi i ka palapala hōʻoia IBR e like me kāu mau pono, ʻo kā mākou hui nānā ʻana ʻo BV, SGS, TUV, etc.;
Hoʻopau: ʻO ka hopena palahalaha, beveled, a iʻole ka hopena paipu hui;
Ili: Paipu māmā, pena, a me nā mea pale ʻē aʻe no ka manawa lōʻihi, ka wehe ʻana i ka ʻōpala a me ka hoʻoliʻi ʻana, ka galvanized a me ka plastic i uhi ʻia, a me nā pale lōʻihi ʻē aʻe;
Hoʻopili: Ka pahu lāʻau, kāʻei kila a i ʻole ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka uea kila, ka mea pale i ka hopena o ka paipu hao, a pēlā aku.
