ASTM A335 P11paipu kila he seamless ferritic haʻahaʻa alloy kila paipu no kiʻekiʻe-mahana lawelawe, UNS inoa K11597.
P11 he chromium-molybdenum alloy me ka chromium content o 1.00-1.50% a me ka molybdenum content o 0.44-0.65%.
Hoʻohana maʻamau ia i nā boilers, superheaters, a me nā mea hoʻololi wela i nā kikowaena mana a me nā mea kanu kemika.
Nā koi ʻenehana oASME SA335aASTM A335ua like ia, no ka maʻalahi o ka hōʻike ʻana, e hoʻohana mākou i ka "ASTM A335" e kuhikuhi i kēia mau kūlana ʻelua.
Material: ASTM A335 P11 paipu kila maʻemaʻe;
OD: 1/8"- 24";
WT: kulike meASME B36.10nā koi;
Papa kuhikuhi: SCH10, SCH20, SCH30,SCH40, SCH60,SCH80, SCH100, SCH120, SCH140 a me SCH160;
ʻIkepili: STD, XS, XXS;
Hoʻopilikino: Loaʻa ka nui o ka paipu maʻamau ʻole, loaʻa nā nui i hoʻopili ʻia ma ke noi;
Ka lōʻihi: ʻO nā lōʻihi kikoʻī a me ka ʻole;
Palapala IBR: Hiki iā mākou ke hoʻokaʻaʻike aku i ka hui nānā ʻekolu ʻaoʻao e kiʻi i ka palapala hōʻoia IBR e like me kāu mau pono, ʻo kā mākou hui nānā ʻana ʻo BV, SGS, TUV, etc.;
Hoʻopau: ʻO ka hopena palahalaha, beveled, a iʻole ka hopena paipu hui;
Ili: Paipu māmā, pena, a me nā mea pale ʻē aʻe no ka manawa lōʻihi, ka wehe ʻana i ka ʻōpala a me ka hoʻoliʻi ʻana, ka galvanized a me ka plastic i uhi ʻia, a me nā pale lōʻihi ʻē aʻe;
Hoʻopili: Ka pahu lāʻau, kāʻei kila a i ʻole ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka uea kila, ka mea pale i ka hopena o ka paipu hao, a pēlā aku.
Inā ʻaʻole i kuhikuhi ʻia ma A335, pono nā mea i hoʻolako ʻia ma lalo o kēia kikoʻī i nā koi kūpono o ka puke kikoʻī o kēia manawa.A999/A999M.
Pono ka paipu kila ASTM A335maʻemaʻe.Hāʻawi nā paipu kila seamless i ka hilinaʻi nui a me ka like ʻole i ka wā e hoʻokau ʻia i nā kaiapuni kiʻekiʻe a me ka wela.
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo Seamless e like me ka huki anu a me ka wela wela, ma muli o ke noi kikoʻī a me ka nui.
Hoʻohana mau ʻia ke kaha kiʻi anuanu no nā anawaena liʻiliʻi a i ʻole no nā paipu e koi ana i ka pololei kiʻekiʻe a me ka maikaʻi o ka ʻili.Hoʻohana mau ʻia ka hoʻopau wela no ka hana ʻana i nā paipu kila pololei a me ka manoanoa.
Aia ma lalo iho kahi papa kuhikuhi o ke kaʻina hana no ka paipu kila maʻemaʻe wela.
ʻO ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa wela o nā mea P11 he piha a isothermal annealing paha ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana, a i ka wā e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia a hoʻoulu ʻia, pono ka mahana wela ma lalo o 1200°F (650°C).
Mai ka haku mele ʻana, hiki iā mākou ke ʻike maʻalahi i kēlāʻO ka P11 kahi huila chromium-molybdenum.
ʻO nā'āpana Chromium-molybdenum he papa kila me ka chromium (Cr) a me ka molybdenum (Mo) ma keʻano he mau mea hoʻohui nui.ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i kēia mau mea e hoʻonui nui i ka ikaika, ka paʻakikī, ke kūpaʻa ʻana, a me ke kūpaʻa ʻana o ke kila.Ma nā wela kiʻekiʻe, hiki i nā huila Cr-Mo ke mālama i nā waiwai mechanical maikaʻi a me kahi hale paʻa.
Cr: hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pale ʻana i ka oxidation a me ka corrosion resistance o ka huila, kōkua i ka hana ʻana i kahi kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻoi aku ka ikaika, a pale i ka mea mai ka media corrosive.
Mo: Hoʻonui i ka ikaika o ka huila, ʻoi aku ka nui ma nā wela kiʻekiʻe, hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kū ʻana o nā kolo, a hoʻonui i ka ikaika wela o ka mea.
1. Waiwai Tensile
Hoʻohana mau ʻia ka hoʻāʻo tensile e ana i kahua ikaika, ikaika tensile, aelongation o ka papahana hoʻokolohua paipu kila, a hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā waiwai waiwai o ka hoʻāʻo.
AHāʻawi ka papa 5 i nā kumu waiwai liʻiliʻi i helu ʻia.
Ma kahi e waiho ai ka mānoanoa o ka pā ma waena o nā waiwai ʻelua ma luna, ua hoʻoholo ʻia ka waiwai elongation liʻiliʻi e kēia ʻano kumu:
Loihi, P11: E = 48t + 15.00 [E = 1.87t + 15.00]
ʻAuā, P11: E = 32t + 15.00 [E = 1.25t + 15.00]
ma hea:
E = elongation i 2 in. a i ʻole 50 mm, %,
t = mānoanoa maoli o nā specimens, in. [mm].
2. Oolea
ʻAʻole pono ka paipu Papa P11 i ka hoʻāʻo paʻakikī.
Hāʻawi ʻia kahi waiwai paʻakikī kuhikuhi ma lalo nei.
Ke kūlana Annealed:
ʻO ka paʻakikī ma waena o 150 a 200 HB.
Kūlana maʻamau a me ka huhū:
ʻO ka paʻakikī ma kahi o 170 a 220 HB.
ʻO ke kūlana paʻakikī a me ka huhū:
Hiki i ka paʻakikī ke piʻi i 250 a 300 HB a ʻoi aku paha, ma muli o ka mahana a me ka manawa.
3. Nā Papahana Hoʻokolohua Koho
ʻAʻole koi ʻia nā mea hoʻokolohua ma lalo nei i nā mea hoʻāʻo, inā pono hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia ma ke kūkākūkā ʻana.
Nānā Huahana
Ho'āʻo palahalaha
Ho'āʻo Bend
Nā hoʻāʻo ʻana i ke kūkulu metala
Photomicrographs
Photomicrographs no kēlā me kēia ʻāpana
Pono ka P11 hydrotest i kēia mau koi.
Ke anawaena o waho ＞10in.[250mm] a me ka mānoanoa pā ≤ 0.75in.[19mm]: he ho'āʻo hydrostatic kēia.
Nā nui ʻē aʻe no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka uila non-destructive.
ʻO nā koi hoʻāʻo hydrostatic e hōʻuluʻulu ʻia mai nā koi o ASTM A999:
No ke kila kila ferritic a me nā paipu kila kila, ua kau ʻia ka pā i ke kaomi ʻaʻole i emi iho60% o ka ikaika hua liʻiliʻi i kuhikuhi ʻia.
E mālama ʻia ke kaomi hoʻāʻo hydro no ka liʻiliʻi 5sme ka leaka ole a me na hemahema e ae.
Pumi hydraulichiki ke helu ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke ʻano:
P = 2St/D
P= hydrostatic ho'āʻo kaomi ma psi [MPa];
S = ke koʻikoʻi o ka pā paipu ma ka psi a i ʻole [MPa];
t = mānoanoa pā i kuhikuhi ʻia, mānoanoa pā i koho ʻia e like me ka helu ANSI i ʻōlelo ʻia a i ʻole 1.143 mau manawa o ka mānoanoa pā liʻiliʻi i ʻōlelo ʻia, in. [mm];
D = anawaena waho i hoakakaia, anawaena o waho e pili ana i ka nui paipu ANSI i hoakakaia, a i ole ke anawaena o waho i heluia ma ka hoonui ana i 2t (e like me ka hoakaka ana maluna) i ka anawaena o loko i hoakakaia, in. [mm].
E nānā ʻia kēlā me kēia paipu me kahi ʻano hoʻokolohua non-destructive e like me ka PracticeE213, HoʻomaʻamaʻaE309, a i ʻole HoʻomaʻamaʻaE570.
ʻAe ʻia nā ʻokoʻa i ke anawaena
No ka paipu i kauohaia eanawaena o loko, ʻaʻole e ʻokoʻa ke anawaena o loko ma mua o ±1% mai ke anawaena o loko i ʻōlelo ʻia.
Ua kauoha ʻia ʻo TubingNPS [DN] a i ʻole nā anawaena wahoʻAʻole pono e hoʻololi i nā anawaena o waho ma mua o ka mea i kuhikuhi ʻia ma nā papa ma lalo.
ʻAe ʻia nā ʻokoʻa o ka mānoanoa o ka pā
E hana ʻia nā ana mānoanoa o ka pā me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā calipers mechanical a i ʻole nā mea hoʻāʻo ʻole i hoʻopaʻa pono ʻia me ka pololei kūpono.I ka hihia o ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa, e lanakila ke ana i hoʻoholo ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā calipers mechanical.
Hōʻike ʻia ka mānoanoa liʻiliʻi o ka pā a me ke anawaena o waho no ka nānā ʻana no ka hoʻokō ʻana i kēia koi no ka paipu i kauoha ʻia e NPS [DN] a me ka helu hoʻonohonoho.ASME B36.10M.
Hoʻohana maʻamau i loko o nā boilers, superheaters, a me nā mea hoʻololi wela i nā kikowaena mana a me nā mea kanu kemika.
ʻO nā paila: Hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo P11 i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā boilers ma muli o kona kūʻē ʻana i nā wela kiʻekiʻe a me nā puʻupuʻu, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻāpana i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā wela a me nā paʻi.
Mea hoʻomehana wela: Hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻonui i ka wela o ka mahu no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka pono wela.ʻO ka p11 e hōʻoia i ka mālama ʻana i ka ikaika a me ka lōʻihi o ka mea i nā wela kiʻekiʻe.
Nā mea hoʻololi wela: Hoʻonui ka P11 i ka corrosion a me ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe o nā mea hoʻololi wela, pēlā e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka hilinaʻi a me ka palekana o nā mea hana.
Pūnaehana paipu: Pono pinepine nā ʻōnaehana paipu i nā mea kanu kemika e lawe i nā wai wela a i ʻole ka mahu.ʻo ka ikaika o ka wela kiʻekiʻe a me nā waiwai mechanical maikaʻi o P11 e kūpono i kēia mau noi.
a) He aha ka like o ka ASTM A335 P11?
GB/T 5310: 12CrMo;
DIN 17175: 10CrMo9-10 (1.7380);
EN 10216-2: 10CrMo9-10;
BS 3604: 10CrMo9-10;
JIS G3462: STPA23;
GOST 550-75: 12Kh1MF.
b)He kila haʻahaʻa anei ka P11?
ʻAe, ʻo P11 he kila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
ʻO ke kila haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa he mea hao-carbon i hoʻohui ʻia i hoʻokahi a ʻoi aku paha nā mea hoʻohui (e laʻa, chromium, molybdenum, nickel, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) i hoʻohui ʻia, me ka nui o nā mea i hoʻohui ʻia mai ka 1 a hiki i ka 5%.
c)He aha ka ikaika tensile o ASTM A335 P11?
ʻO ka ikaika tensile liʻiliʻi o 415 MPa [60 ksi].
d)He aha ka ikaika hua o ASTM A335 P11?
ʻO ka ikaika tensile liʻiliʻi o 205 MPa [30 ksi].
e) He aha ka palena wela no ASTM A335 P11?
I loko o nā kaiapuni oxidizing: ʻO nā mahana lawelawe kiʻekiʻe loa ma kahi o 593°C (1100°F).
I loko o nā kaiapuni non-oxidizing: hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia nā mahana lawelawe kiʻekiʻe ma kahi o 650°C (1200°F).
f)ʻO ka A335 P11 ka magnetic?
He magnetic ma ka lumi wela.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia waiwai i kekahi mau noi, e like me ka wā e pono ai ka mea e pono ai ke kūpono me nā lako ʻike magnetic.
g)He aha ke kumu kūʻai o ASTM A335 P11?
ʻOkoʻa nā kumukūʻai me ka mākeke, e kelepona mai iā mākou no kahi ʻōlelo pololei.
