ʻO ka ASTM A500 he paipu hoʻoheheʻe kalapona i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia no ka welded, riveted, a i ʻole bolted alahaka a me nā hale kūkulu hale a me nā kumu hana maʻamau.
ʻO ka paipu Papa C kekahi o nā māka me ka ikaika hua kiʻekiʻe ʻaʻole i emi iho ma mua o 345 MPa a me ka ikaika tensile ʻaʻole i emi ma lalo o 425 MPa.
Inā makemake ʻoe e ʻike hou aku e pili anaASTM A500, hiki iā ʻoe ke kaomi e nānā iā ia!
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻo ASTM A500 i ka paipu kila i ʻekolu mau papa,papa B, papa C, a me ka papa D.
CHS: Nā ʻāpana hollow pōʻai.
RHS: ʻAha a i ʻole ʻāpana ʻāpana ʻehā.
EHS: Nā ʻāpana hollow Elliptical.
E hana ʻia ke kila e kekahi a ʻoi aku paha o kēia mau hana.oxygen kumu a i ʻole ka umu uila.
E hana ʻia ka paipu e amaʻemaʻea i ʻole ke kaʻina hana wili.
E hana ʻia nā paipu hoʻoheheʻe ʻia mai ke kila palahalaha e ke kaʻina hana welded-resistance-welded (RW).ʻO ka hui lōʻihi o nā paipu wili e wili ʻia ma kona mānoanoa i mea e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻia ai ka ikaika o ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka ʻāpana paipu.
Hiki i ka ASTM A500 Grade C ke hoʻopili a hoʻomaha ʻia paha.
Hoʻokō ʻia ka Annealing ma ka hoʻomehana ʻana i ka paipu i kahi wela kiʻekiʻe a laila hoʻomaha mālie.Hoʻonohonoho hou ʻo Annealing i ka microstructure o ka mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i kona ʻano paʻakikī a me ke kūlike.
Hoʻopau ʻia ka hoʻomaha ʻana i ka pilikia ma ka hoʻomehana ʻana i ka mea i kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka annealing) a laila hoʻopaʻa ʻia no kekahi manawa a laila hoʻomaha.Kōkua kēia i ka pale ʻana a i ʻole ka haki ʻana o ka mea i ka wā o nā hana ma hope e like me ka wili a ʻokiʻoki.
Ka pinepine o na hoao ana: ʻElua mau ʻāpana paipu i lawe ʻia mai kēlā me kēia ʻāpana o 500 mau ʻāpana a i ʻole ʻāpana o ia mea, a i ʻole ʻelua mau hiʻohiʻona o nā mea i ʻōwili paʻa ʻia i lawe ʻia mai kēlā me kēia ʻāpana o ka helu like o nā ʻāpana o nā mea ʻōwili palahalaha.
Nā ʻano hoʻokolohua: Pono nā ʻano hana a me nā hana e pili ana i ka nānā ʻana kemika e like me nā ʻano hoʻāʻo, nā hana, a me nā huaʻōlelo A751.
| Koi Kemika,% | |||
| Huina | Papa C | ||
| Nānā Wela | Nānā Huahana | ||
| C (Kapona)A | max | 0.23 | 0.27 |
| Mn (Manekene)A | max | 1.35 | 1.40 |
| P (Pōpika) | max | 0.035 | 0.045 |
| S(Sulphur) | max | 0.035 | 0.045 |
| Cu(Copper)B | min | 0.20 | 0.18 |
| ANo kēlā me kēia hōʻemi o 0.01 pakeneka ma lalo o ka palena kiʻekiʻe no ke kalapona, ua ʻae ʻia ka hoʻonui ʻana o 0.06 pakeneka ma luna o ka palena kiʻekiʻe no ka manganese, a hiki i ka 1.50 % ke kiʻekiʻe ma ka nānā ʻana i ka wela a me ka 1.60 % ka nānā ʻana o ka huahana. Blf mea kila keleawe i hoakaka ia ma ke kauoha kuai. | |||
E hoʻokō nā mea hoʻohālikelike i nā koi kūpono o nā ʻano hoʻāʻo a me nā wehewehe A370, Hoʻohui A2.
| Nā Koina Tensile | ||
| Papa inoa | Papa C | |
| Ka ikaika tensile, min | psi | 62,000 |
| MPa | 425 | |
| Ka ikaika hāʻawi, min | psi | 50,000 |
| MPa | 345 | |
| Elongation ma 2 in. (50 mm), min,C | % | 21B |
| BE pili ana i ka mānoanoa o ka paia (t) i like a oi aku paha ma mua o 0.120 iniha [3.05mm].No nā mānoanoa pā māmā i ʻōlelo ʻia, ʻo ka liʻiliʻi o ka elongation waiwai ma muli o ka ʻaelike me ka mea hana. CHoʻopili wale ʻia nā helu elongation liʻiliʻi i nā hoʻāʻo i hana ʻia ma mua o ka hoʻouna ʻia ʻana o ka paipu. | ||
Ma kahi ho'āʻo, hoʻokomo ʻia ka mea hoʻohālike i loko o kahi mīkini hoʻāʻo tensile a laila hoʻolohi mālie a haki.Ma ke kaʻina holoʻokoʻa, hoʻopaʻa ka mīkini hoʻāʻo i ka ʻikepili koʻikoʻi a me ke koʻikoʻi, no laila e hoʻohua ai i kahi pihi koʻikoʻi.ʻO kēia curve hiki iā mākou ke nānā i ke kaʻina holoʻokoʻa mai ka elastic deformation i ka plastic deformation a hiki i ka rupture, a e loaʻa ai ka ikaika hua, ka ikaika tensile a me ka ʻikepili elongation.
Ka lōʻihi: ʻAʻole emi ka lōʻihi o ka mea hoʻohālike i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana ma mua o 2 1/2 in (65 mm).
ʻO ka hoʻāʻo ductility: Me ka ʻole o ka māhā a i ʻole ka haʻihaʻi ʻana, hoʻopalapala ʻia ka mea hoʻohālike ma waena o nā papa like a hiki i ka liʻiliʻi o ka mamao ma waena o nā papa ma mua o ka waiwai "H" i helu ʻia e kēia ʻano:
H=(1+e)t/(e+t/D)
H = ka mamao ma waena o nā papa palahalaha, in. [mm],
e= deformation no kēlā me kēia ʻāpana lōʻihi (mau no ka helu kila, 0.07 no ka Papa B, a me 0.06 no ka Papa C),
t= mānoanoa pā o ka paipu, in. [mm],
D = i ʻōlelo ʻia ma waho o ke anawaena o ka paipu, in. [mm].
Pono ponotest: E hoomau i ka palahalaha a hiki i ka wa e nahaha ai ke ano a i ole e hui ai na paia kue o ke ano.
hāʻulecriteria: ʻO ka ʻili Laminar a i ʻole nā mea nāwaliwali i loaʻa i ka wā o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i kumu no ka hōʻole ʻana.
Loaʻa ka hoʻāʻo ʻana no nā paipu poepoe ≤ 254 mm (10 in) ke anawaena, akā ʻaʻole pono.
| Papa inoa | ʻĀpana | Nānā |
| Anawaena waho (OD) | ≤48mm (1.9 in) | ±0.5% |
| ＞50mm (2 in) | ±0.75% | |
| Mānoanoa Pā (T) | ʻO ka mānoanoa pā i kuhikuhi ʻia | ≥90% |
| Ka lōʻihi (L) | ≤6.5m (22ft) | －6mm (1/4in) - +13mm (1/2in) |
| ＞6.5m (22ft) | －6mm (1/4in) - +19mm (3/4) | |
| Pololei | Aia nā lōʻihi i nā ʻāpana imperial (ft) | L/40 |
| ʻO nā ʻāpana lōʻihi he metric (m) | L/50 | |
| ʻO nā koi hoʻomanawanui no nā ana e pili ana i ke kila hana poepoe | ||
Hoʻoholo hewa
E helu ʻia nā pōʻino o ka ʻili ma ke ʻano o ka hohonu o ka pōʻino o ka ʻili e like me ke koena o ka mānoanoa o ka pā ma lalo o 90% o ka mānoanoa pā i kuhikuhi ʻia.
ʻAʻole manaʻo ʻia nā maʻi i mālama ʻia, nā ʻōpala liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā hōʻailona ʻōwili, a i ʻole nā niho pāpaʻu inā hiki ke wehe ʻia i loko o nā palena mānoanoa o ka paia.ʻAʻole pono kēia mau hemahema i ka wehe ʻana.
Hoʻoponopono ʻino
ʻO nā hemahema me ka mānoanoa o ka pā a hiki i ka 33% o ka mānoanoa i ʻōlelo ʻia e wehe ʻia ma ka ʻoki ʻana a i ʻole ka wili ʻana a hiki i ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o ka metala kīnā ʻole.
Inā pono ka wiliwili ʻana, e hoʻohana ʻia ke kaʻina hana wili pulu.
Ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana, e hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka metala keu a loaʻa kahi ʻili maʻemaʻe.
Ka inoa o ka mea hana.brand, a i ʻole ka hōʻailona;ka wehewehe kikoʻī (ʻaʻole koi ʻia ka makahiki hoʻopuka);a me ka palapala papa.
No ka paipu hana me ka anawaena o waho o 4 in [10 knm] a emi mai paha, ua ae ia ka ike ike ma na lepili i hoopili paa ia i kela me keia puolo paipu.
Aia kekahi koho o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā barcode ma ke ʻano he ʻano ʻike hou, a ke manaʻo ʻia nei e kūlike nā barcode me AIAG Standard B-1.
1. Kapili hale: Hoʻohana maʻamau ke kila C ma ke kūkulu hale kahi e pono ai ke kākoʻo.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no nā papa nui, nā hale hale, nā papahele, a me nā paia o waho.
2. Nā papahana hoʻolālā: No nā alahaka, nā hale hōʻailona alanui, a me nā alahao e hāʻawi i ke kākoʻo kūpono a me ka lōʻihi.
3. ʻOihana hana: i nā mea kanu hana a me nā wahi ʻoihana ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka bracing, framing system, a me nā kolamu.
4. Nā hale ikehu hou: Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ke kūkulu ʻana i nā hale makani a me ka ikehu lā.
5. Nā lako haʻuki a me nā mea hana: nā hale no nā hale haʻuki e like me nā bleachers, nā pou pahuhopu, a me nā mea hoʻoikaika kino.
6. Mekini mahiai: Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e kūkulu i nā papa no nā mīkini a me nā keʻena mālama.
Nui: Hāʻawi i ke anawaena o waho a me ka mānoanoa o ka paia no nā paipu poepoe;e hāʻawi i nā ana o waho a me ka mānoanoa o ka paia no nā paipu huinahā a me ʻehā.
Ka nui: E hōʻike i ka huina lōʻihi (nā kapuaʻi a i ʻole nā mika) a i ʻole ka helu o kēlā me kēia lōʻihi e pono ai.
Ka lōʻihi: Hōʻike i ke ʻano o ka lōʻihi e koi ʻia - maʻamau, lehulehu, a kikoʻī paha.
ASTM 500 kiko'ī: Hāʻawi i ka makahiki o ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka ASTM 500 kikoʻī.
Papa: E hōʻike i ka pae waiwai (B, C, a i ʻole D).
Koho Mea: Hōʻike i ka mea he paipu i hana ʻia i anu.
Hana Hana: E haʻi aku inā ʻaʻole i wili ʻia ka paipu.
Hoʻopau Hoʻohana: E wehewehe i ka manao o ka paipu
Koi Kuikawa: E papa inoa i nā koi ʻē aʻe i uhi ʻole ʻia e ka kikoʻī maʻamau.
ʻO mākou kahi mea hana kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe welded carbon steel paipu a me ka mea hoʻolako mai Kina, a me kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe paipu kila maʻemaʻe, hāʻawi iā ʻoe i kahi ākea o nā paipu kila!
Inā makemake ʻoe e ʻike hou aku e pili ana i nā huahana paipu kila, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokaʻaʻike mai iā mākou！
