Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka paipu kila ASTM A556 ma ke ʻano he paipu kila kila ʻole i huki ʻia i ke anu no nā mea hoʻomehana wai hānai.
ʻO kona laulā o ka noi he paipu kila maʻemaʻe me ka nui o waho ma waena o 15.9-31.8mm a me ka mānoanoa o ka paia ʻaʻole i emi iho ma mua o 1.1mm.
Hoʻopili kēia ʻatikala i ka paipu kila a ʻaʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia nā U-tubes i ʻōlelo ʻia ma ka maʻamau.
Anawaena waho: 5/8 - 1 1/4 iniha [15.9 -31.8 mm].
Mānoanoa pā: ≥ 0.045 in [1.1 mm].
Hoʻonohonoho ʻo ASTM A556 i ʻekolu mau māka,Papa A2, Papa B2, aPapa C2.
E hana ʻia nā paipu kila e amaʻemaʻekaʻina hana a e huki anu.
Hāʻawi ʻia nā paipu kila liʻiliʻi i huki ʻia i ke anu i ka pololei kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻopau maikaʻi ʻana i ka ʻili i ka wā e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ana i ka microstructure a hoʻonui i kāna mau mea mechanical e like me ka ikaika a me ka paʻakikī.ʻO ke ʻano o ka seamless e hana i nā paipu i ʻoi aku ka paʻa a me ka palekana i ka wā i hoʻokau ʻia i nā koʻikoʻi kiʻekiʻe a me nā mahana, e kūpono ana iā lākou no nā noi ʻoihana e koi ana i ka pololei kiʻekiʻe a me ka hana.
Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ke kumukūʻai o nā paipu kila maʻemaʻe i huki ʻia i ke anu no ka mea ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o kā lākou kaʻina hana a koi aku i nā hana maʻalahi a me nā mea hana.Eia kekahi, ʻo kā lākou hana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka hana kiʻekiʻe o ka leo, ʻaʻole ia e like me ke kaʻina hana ʻōwili wela, a i kekahi mau mea e nui aʻe ka poho waiwai, e kaupalena ana i kā lākou hoʻohana ʻana i kekahi mau noi.
E mālama ʻia nā paipu anuu i ka wela ma hope o ke kaʻa ʻana o ka huki anu ma kahi mahana o 1200°F [640°C] a ʻoi aʻe paha e hōʻoia i ka ʻoluʻolu o ka ductility no ka ʻōwili ʻana i loko o nā pepa paipu a e hoʻokō i nā waiwai mechanical e like me ka mea i kuhikuhi ʻia.
Inā hana ʻia ka loiloi huahana, e nānā i ka ASTM A751 no nā ʻano hoʻāʻo.
1. Waiwai Tensile
ʻAno hoʻāʻo: ASTM A450 Māhele 7.
No nā pūʻulu a hiki i 50 paipu, e koho ʻia 1 paipu no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana.
No nā pūʻulu ʻoi aku ma mua o 50 mau paipu, e koho ʻia ʻelua mau paipu no ka hoʻāʻo ʻana.
2. Oolea
Ke ala hoʻāʻo: ASTM A450 Māhele 23.
E ho'āʻo ʻia nā mea hoʻohālike mai ʻelua paipu hoʻāʻo mai kēlā me kēia ʻāpana no ka paʻakikī o Brinell a i ʻole Rockwell.
ʻAʻole ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o Rockwell o ka paipu i ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ka papa.
| Papa | ʻoʻoleʻa |
| Papa A2 | 72 HRBW |
| Papa B2 | 79 HRBW |
| Papa C2 | 89 HRBW |
3. Ho'āʻo palahalaha
ʻAno hoʻāʻo: ASTM A450 Māhele 19.
E hana ʻia kahi hoʻāʻo palahalaha ma luna o hoʻokahi kikoʻī mai kēlā me kēia kihi o kahi paipu kila i hoʻopau ʻia mai kahi koho ʻaʻole i ʻoi aku ma mua o 125 paipu mai kēlā me kēia ʻāpana.
4. Ho'āʻo Flaring
Ke ala hoʻāʻo: ASTM A450 Māhele 21.
E hoʻokō ʻia nā hoʻāʻo ʻana i hoʻokahi mea hoʻohālike mai kēlā me kēia kihi o ka paipu i hoʻopau ʻia, me ka ʻole ma mua o 125 mau paipu i koho ʻia mai kēlā me kēia pūʻulu.
ʻAʻohe hoʻāʻo hydrostatic pono no nā paipu kila.
Eia naʻe, pono e hoʻāʻo hydrostatically kēlā me kēia paipu U me kahi wai non-corrosive.
E hoʻāʻo ʻia kēlā me kēia paipu e kahi mea hana hoʻāʻo ʻole hiki ke ʻike i nā hemahema ma ka ʻāpana kea holoʻokoʻa o ka paipu ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ka wela ma hope o ke kahe ʻana o ke anu.
ʻO nā ʻano hoʻāʻo non-destructive o SpecificationE213, HōʻikeE309(no nā mea ferromagnetic), HōʻikeE426(no nā mea non-magnetic), a i ʻole SpecificationE570hiki ke koho ʻia no ka hoʻāʻo.
ʻAʻole pili kēia mau ʻae ʻana i ka ʻāpana piko o ka pahu U.
Pono ʻole ka unahi ʻole ka paipu i hoʻopau ʻia akā loaʻa paha kahi kiʻi ʻoniʻoni oxide ma ka ʻili.
Pono pono nā paipu i hoʻopau ʻia a loaʻa nā wēlau paheʻe me ka ʻole o nā burrs.ʻO nā paipu e like me ka hana ʻana a ʻaʻohe hemahema o ka ʻili i hiki ʻole ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia i loko o nā ʻae ʻia o ka pā.
ʻAʻole koi ʻia ka wehe ʻana i nā hemahema o ka ʻili e like me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā kaha, nā kaha hoʻopololei, nā mandrel māmā a me nā hōʻailona make, nā lua pāpaʻu, a me nā kumu unahi ʻaʻole e koi ʻia inā aia lākou i loko o nā pale i ʻae ʻia.
Pono e uhi ʻia nā anawaena o loko a me waho o ka paipu i hoʻopau ʻia e pale i ka corrosion i ka wā o ka lawe ʻana.
ʻO nā uhi maʻamaunā aila pale rust, nā varnish, a i ʻolepena.
ʻO ke koho ʻana o ka mea hoʻopili maʻamau e hilinaʻi ʻia i nā koi noi kikoʻī o ka paipu kila, ke ʻano hoʻohana i manaʻo ʻia, a me ka lōʻihi o ka pale.
ʻO nā mea hoʻomehana wai hānai tubular: ʻO kēia kekahi o nā noi maʻamau no ka paipu kila ASTM A556.
I ka ʻoihana mana, hoʻohana ʻia nā mea hoʻomehana wai e hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua i ka wai hānai boiler, ma ka lawe ʻana i ka mahu.ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia ʻano paipu kila e hiki ai ke hoʻololi maikaʻi i ka ikehu wela, e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pono o ka ikehu holoʻokoʻa a me ka hana ʻōnaehana.
Nā mea hoʻololi wela a me nā condenser: Ma muli o kāna mau waiwai hoʻoili wela maikaʻi a me ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, ua kūpono hoʻi ʻo ASTM A556 steel tubing no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano mea hoʻololi wela a me nā condensers, i hoʻohana ʻia i ka nui o nā kemika, petrochemical, a me nā hana ʻoihana ʻē aʻe.
ʻO nā ʻōnaehana mahu kiʻekiʻe: ʻO ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe o ka paipu ASTM A556 e kūpono ia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana mahu kiʻekiʻe a me nā noi ʻē aʻe e koi ana i ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe loa a me ke kūpaʻa wela.
ASTM A179/A179M- He mea maʻamau kēia no nā mea hoʻololi wela kalapona kila a me nā paipu condenser no ka lawelawe cryogenic.
ASTM A192/A192M- Hōʻike i nā koi ʻenehana no nā paipu paila kalapona kila ʻole no nā boilers i hoʻohana ʻia i ka lawelawe kiʻekiʻe.
ASTM A210/A210M- He maʻamau no nā paipu paila kila maʻemaʻe a me carbon-manganese no nā paila a me nā mea wela nui.
ASTM A213/A213M- Hāʻawi i nā kūlana maʻamau no ka paila ferritic a me austenitic alloy steel boiler, superheater, a me nā paipu hoʻololi wela.
ASTM A249/A249M- E pili ana i ka paila kila austenitic welded, superheater, heat exchanger, a me condenser tubes.
ASTM A334/A334M- Maʻamau no ka seamless a welded carbon a me ka hao hao paipu no ka lawelawe cryogenic.
Hoʻopili kēlā me kēia mau kūlana i nā paipu kila i hoʻohana ʻia i nā mea hoʻololi wela, nā paila a i ʻole nā mea like.ʻO ke ʻano maʻamau e koho ʻia ma muli o nā koi noi kikoʻī, e like me ka mahana hana, ka helu kaomi, a me ke kūpaʻa corrosion i manaʻo ʻia.
Mai kona hoʻokumu ʻana i ka makahiki 2014, ua lilo ʻo Botop Steel i mea hoʻolako alakaʻi i ka paipu kila carbon ma Northern China, i ʻike ʻia no ka lawelawe maikaʻi loa, nā huahana kiʻekiʻe, a me nā hoʻonā piha.
Hāʻawi ka hui i nā ʻano paipu kila kalapona a me nā huahana pili, me ka seamless, ERW, LSAW, a me ka paipu kila SSAW, a me ka laina piha o nā paipu paipu a me nā flanges.ʻO kāna mau huahana kūikawā pū kekahi me nā mea kila kiʻekiʻe a me nā austenitic stainless steel, i hana ʻia e hoʻokō i nā koi o nā papahana pipeline like ʻole.
