Igwe anaghị agba nchara (igwe anaghị agba nchara)bụ mbiri nke igwe anaghị agba nchara na-eguzogide acid, na akara nchara nke na-eguzogide mgbasa ozi na-adịghị ike dị ka ikuku, uzuoku, mmiri, ma ọ bụ nwere ihe ndị na-adịghị ka a na-akpọ igwe anaghị agba nchara.
Usoro ahụ "igwe anaghị agba nchara"Ọ bụghị nanị na-ezo aka n'otu ụdị igwe anaghị agba nchara, kama ọ na-ezo aka na ihe karịrị otu narị ụdị igwe anaghị agba nchara, nke ọ bụla n'ime ha na-arụ ọrụ dị mma na mpaghara ngwa ya.
Ha niile nwere 17 ruo 22% chromium, na akara nchara ka mma nwekwara nickel.Ịgbakwunye molybdenum nwere ike ime ka corrosion ikuku dịkwuo mma, karịsịa iguzogide corrosion na ikuku nwere chloride.
一.Nhazi nke igwe anaghị agba nchara
1. Gịnị bụ igwe anaghị agba nchara na acid na-eguzogide ígwè?
Azịza: Igwe anaghị agba nchara bụ mbiri nke igwe anaghị agba nchara, nke na-eguzogide mgbasa ozi na-adịghị ike dị ka ikuku, uzuoku, mmiri, ma ọ bụ nwere igwe anaghị agba nchara.A na-akpọ ọkwa nchara mebiri emebi nchara na-eguzogide acid.
N'ihi ọdịiche dị na ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ abụọ ahụ, nguzogide corrosion ha dị iche.Igwe anaghị agba nchara nkịtị anaghị eguzogide ọgwụ mgbochi corrosion, ebe ígwè na-eguzogide acid na-abụkarị igwe anaghị agba nchara.
2. Kedu ka esi ekewa igwe anaghị agba nchara?
Azịza: Dị ka nhazi steeti, ọ nwere ike kewaa n'ime martensitic ígwè, ferritic ígwè, austenitic ígwè, austenitic-ferritic (duplex) igwe anaghị agba nchara na ọdịda mmiri hardening igwe anaghị agba nchara.
(1) ígwè Martensitic: ike dị elu, mana plasticity na-adịghị mma na weldability.
The ejikarị akara ule nke martensitic igwe anaghị agba nchara bụ 1Cr13, 3Cr13, wdg, n'ihi na nke elu carbon ọdịnaya, ọ nwere elu ike, ike ike na eyi nguzogide, ma corrosion iguzogide bụ ubé ogbenye, na ọ na-eji maka elu n'ibu Njirimara na. iguzogide corrosion.A na-achọ ụfọdụ akụkụ izugbe, dị ka isi iyi, uzuoku turbine agụba, hydraulic press valves, wdg.
A na-eji ụdị ígwè a eme ihe mgbe emenyụchara na iwe ọkụ, a na-achọkwa ịchafụ mgbe ịghachara na stampụ.
(2) Ferritic ígwè: 15% ruo 30% chromium.Nguzogide corrosion ya, siri ike na weldability na-abawanye site na mmụba nke ọdịnaya chromium, yana iguzogide nrụgide chloride dị mma karịa ụdị igwe anaghị agba nchara ndị ọzọ, dịka Crl7, Cr17Mo2Ti, Cr25, Cr25Mo3Ti, Cr28, wdg.
N'ihi ọdịnaya chromium dị elu, nguzogide corrosion ya na nguzogide oxidation dịtụ mma, mana ihe eji arụ ọrụ ya na ihe nhazi ya adịghị mma.A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe maka ụlọ na-eguzogide acid na obere nrụgide yana dị ka ígwè mgbochi oxidation.
Ụdị nchara a nwere ike iguzogide corrosion nke ikuku, nitric acid na ngwọta nnu, ma nwee njirimara nke ezigbo nguzogide ikuku oxidation dị elu na obere mgbasawanye ọkụ ọkụ.A na-eji nitric acid na ngwá ọrụ mmepụta ihe nri, a pụkwara iji ya mee akụkụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ na okpomọkụ dị elu, dị ka akụkụ gas turbine, wdg.
(3) Nchara Austenitic: O nwere ihe kariri 18% chromium, ma nwekwara ihe dika 8% nickel na obere molybdenum, titanium, nitrogen na ihe ndi ozo.Ezigbo arụmọrụ n'ozuzu ya, na-eguzogide corrosion site na mgbasa ozi dị iche iche.
N'ozuzu, a na-anabata ọgwụgwọ ngwọta, ya bụ, ígwè ahụ na-ekpo ọkụ na 1050-1150 Celsius C, wee mee ka mmiri dị jụụ ma ọ bụ ikuku dị jụụ iji nweta otu usoro austenite.
(4) Austenitic-ferritic (duplex) igwe anaghị agba nchara: Ọ nwere uru nke ma austenitic na ferritic igwe anaghị agba nchara, na nwere superplasticity.Austenite na ferrite nke ọ bụla bụ ihe dị ka ọkara nke igwe anaghị agba nchara.
N'ihe gbasara ọdịnaya C dị ala, ọdịnaya Cr bụ 18% ruo 28%, yana ọdịnaya Ni bụ 3% ruo 10%.Ụfọdụ nchara nwekwara ihe ndị na-eme ka alloy dị ka Mo, Cu, Si, Nb, Ti, na N.
Ụdị ígwè a nwere àgwà nke ma austenitic na ferritic igwe anaghị agba nchara.E jiri ya tụnyere ferrite, ọ nwere plasticity dị elu na ike siri ike, ọ dịghị ụlọ okpomọkụ na-agbaji agbagọ, na-emeziwanye nguzogide corrosion intergranular na ịrụ ọrụ ịgbado ọkụ, ebe ọ na-ejigide ígwè ahụ igwe anaghị agba nchara na-agbaji na 475 ° C, nwere nnukwu ikuku thermal, ma nwee njirimara nke superplasticity. .
E jiri ya tụnyere igwe anaghị agba nchara austenitic, ọ nwere ike dị elu yana nkwụsi ike nke ukwuu na corrosion intergranular na corrosion nrụgide chloride.Igwe anaghị agba nchara duplex nwere nguzogide corrosion nke ọma ma bụrụkwa igwe anaghị agba nchara na-echekwa nickel.
(5) Mmiri mmiri ozuzo siri ike igwe anaghị agba nchara: matrix bụ austenite ma ọ bụ martensite, na akara ule nke mmiri ozuzo siri ike igwe anaghị agba nchara bụ 04Cr13Ni8Mo2Al na na.Ọ bụ igwe anaghị agba nchara nke nwere ike ime ka ike sie ike (gbasie ike) site na mmiri ozuzo siri ike (nke a makwaara dị ka afọ hardening).
Dị ka ihe mejupụtara ya si dị, a na-ekewa ya na chromium igwe anaghị agba nchara, chromium-nickel igwe anaghị agba nchara na chromium manganese nitrogen igwe anaghị agba nchara.
(1) Chromium igwe anaghị agba nchara nwere ụfọdụ nguzogide corrosion (oxidizing acid, organic acid, cavitation), okpomọkụ na-eguzogide ma na-eyi nguzogide, a na-ejikarị eme ihe dị ka akụrụngwa maka ọdụ ọkụ, kemịkalụ, na mmanụ ala.Otú ọ dị, weldability ya adịghị mma, a ga-akwụkwa nlebara anya na usoro ịgbado ọkụ na ọnọdụ ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ.
(2) N'oge ịgbado ọkụ, chromium-nickel igwe anaghị agba nchara a na-edobe kpo oku ugboro ugboro ka precipitate carbide, nke ga-ebelata corrosion iguzogide na n'ibu Njirimara.
(3) The ike, ductility, siri ike, formability, weldability, eyi iguzogide na corrosion iguzogide nke chromium-manganese igwe anaghị agba nchara dị mma.
二.Nsogbu siri ike na ịgbado ọkụ igwe anaghị agba nchara na iwebata iji ihe na akụrụngwa
1. Gịnị mere ịgbado ọkụ igwe anaghị agba nchara siri ike?
Azịza: (1) The okpomọkụ uche nke igwe anaghị agba nchara dịtụ ike, na ebe obibi oge na okpomọkụ nso nke 450-850 Celsius C bụ ubé ogologo, na corrosion iguzogide weld na okpomọkụ-emetụta mpaghara ga-kpamkpam ibelata;
(2) na-enwekarị mgbawa ọkụ;
(3) Nchekwa na-adịghị mma na oke okpomọkụ oxidation;
(4) Ọnụ ọgụgụ mgbasawanye nke linear buru ibu, ọ dịkwa mfe ịmepụta nnukwu nrụrụ ịgbado ọkụ.
2. Gịnị irè nkà na ụzụ jikoro nwere ike ime maka ịgbado ọkụ austenitic igwe anaghị agba nchara?
Azịza: (1) Họrọ nke ọma welding ihe dị ka chemical mejupụtara nke isi metal;
(2) Ngwa ngwa ịgbado ọkụ na obere ugbu a, obere akara ike na-ebelata ntinye okpomọkụ;
(3) waya ịgbado ọkụ nke dị obere, mkpanaka ịgbado ọkụ, enweghị mgbawa, ịgbado ọkụ multi-layer multi-pass;
(4) Mmanye mmanye nke eriri weld na mpaghara okpomọkụ metụtara iji belata oge obibi na 450-850 Celsius;
(5) Nchekwa argon na azụ nke TIG weld;
(6) The welds na kọntaktị na corrosive media na-emesị welded;
(7) Passivation ọgwụgwọ nke weld seam na okpomọkụ metụtara mpaghara.
3. Gịnị mere anyị ga-eji họrọ 25-13 usoro ịgbado ọkụ waya na electrode maka ịgbado ọkụ austenitic igwe anaghị agba nchara, carbon ígwè na ala alloy ígwè (dissimilar ígwè ịgbado ọkụ)?
Azịza: Welding dissimilar ígwè welded nkwonkwo njikọ austenitic igwe anaghị agba nchara na carbon ígwè na ala alloy ígwè, na weld nkwụnye ego metal ga-eji 25-13 usoro ịgbado ọkụ waya (309, 309L) na ịgbado ọkụ mkpanaka (Austenitic 312, Austenitic 307, wdg).
Ọ bụrụ na a na-eji ihe ndị ọzọ eji agbado ọkụ igwe anaghị agba nchara, usoro martensitic na mgbawa oyi ga-apụta n'ahịrị ngwakọta n'akụkụ nchara carbon na nchara alloy dị ala.
4. Gịnị mere eriri igwe anaghị agba nchara siri ike ji 98% Ar + 2% O2 na-echebe gas?
Azịza: N'oge MIG ịgbado ọkụ nke siri ike igwe anaghị agba nchara waya, ma ọ bụrụ na dị ọcha argon gas na-eji maka shielding, elu erughị ala nke a wụrụ awụ ọdọ mmiri dị elu, na weld bụ emezighituri kpụrụ, na-egosi a "humpback" weld udi.Ịgbakwunye 1 ruo 2% oxygen nwere ike ibelata esemokwu elu nke ọdọ mmiri a wụrụ awụ, na eriri weld dị nro ma mara mma.
5. Gịnị mere elu nke siri ike igwe anaghị agba nchara ịgbado ọkụ waya MIG weld agba oji?Kedu ka esi edozi nsogbu a?
Azịza: Ọsọ ịgbado ọkụ MIG nke eriri igwe anaghị agba nchara siri ike dị ngwa ngwa (30-60cm / min).Mgbe ikuku gas na-echebe gbagoro n'ihu ọdọ mmiri a wụrụ awụ, eriri weld ka nọ na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ dị elu na-acha uhie uhie, nke ikuku na-eme ka ọ dị mfe, na-emepụta oxides n'elu.Welds bụ oji.Usoro ngafe nke pickling nwere ike wepu akpụkpọ ojii wee weghachi agba elu mbụ nke igwe anaghị agba nchara.
6. Gịnị mere siri ike igwe anaghị agba nchara ịgbado ọkụ waya mkpa iji a pulsed ike ọkọnọ nweta jet mgbanwe na spatter-free ịgbado ọkụ?
Azịza: Mgbe siri ike igwe anaghị agba nchara waya MIG ịgbado ọkụ, φ1.2 ịgbado ọkụ waya, mgbe ugbu a m ≥ 260 ~ 280A, na jet mgbanwe nwere ike mezuru;Droplet bụ mgbanwe nke obere okirikiri na-erughị uru a, na spatter buru ibu, a naghị atụ aro ya.
Naanị site na iji MIG ike ọkọnọ na usu, nwere ike pulse droplet mgbanwe site na obere nkọwapụta na nnukwu nkọwapụta (họrọ kacha nta ma ọ bụ kacha uru dị ka waya dayameta), spatter-free ịgbado ọkụ.
7. Gini mere waya ikuku igwe anaghị agba nchara nke flux-cored jiri CO2 gas na-echebe kama inye ọkụ ọkụ pulsed?
Azịza: Ugbu a na-ejikarị flux-cored igwe anaghị agba nchara ịgbado ọkụ waya (dị ka 308, 309, wdg), na ịgbado ọkụ usoro na ịgbado ọkụ waya na-emepere dị ka ịgbado ọkụ metallurgical mmeghachi omume n'okpuru nchebe nke CO2 gas, otú n'ozuzu. , ọ dịghị mkpa maka pulsed arc ịgbado ọkụ ike ọkọnọ ( The ike ọkọnọ na usu isi kwesịrị iji mbuaha gas), ma ọ bụrụ na ị chọrọ ịbanye droplet mgbanwe n'ọdịnihu, ị nwekwara ike iji usu ike ọkọnọ ma ọ bụ ot gas na-echebe ịgbado ọkụ nlereanya na. ngwakọta gas ịgbado ọkụ.
Oge nzipu: Mar-24-2023