Chithunzi cha ASTM A178machubu achitsulo ndi machubu amagetsi opingasa (ERW) acarbon ndi carbon-manganese zitsuloamagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati machubu opopera, zitoliro za boiler, zitoliro zotenthetsera zotenthetsera, ndi malekezero achitetezo.
Ndi yoyenera machubu achitsulo okhala ndi kunja kwa 12.7-127mm ndi makulidwe a khoma pakati pa 0.9-9.1mm.
Machubu a ASTM A178 ndi oyenera kukana machubu otsekedwa ndima diameter akunja pakati pa 1/2 - 5 mu [12.7 - 127 mm] ndi makulidwe a khoma pakati pa 0.035 - 0.360 mu [0.9 - 9.1 mm], ngakhale kukula kwina kulipo momwe kumafunikira, malinga ngati machubuwa akukwaniritsa zofunikira zina zonse zamtunduwu.
Pali magiredi atatu kuti athe kuthana ndi malo osiyanasiyana ogwiritsa ntchito.
Grade A, Grade C, ndi Grade D.
| Gulu | Carbon Steel Type |
| Gulu A | Chitsulo Chotsika-Carbon |
| Gulu C | Chitsulo chapakati-Carbon |
| Gulu D | Chitsulo cha Carbon-Manganese |
Zinthu zomwe zaperekedwa molingana ndi izi zidzagwirizana ndi zofunikira za Specification A450/A450M.pokhapo ngati taperekedwa pano.
Gulu AndiGulu Cmusatchule chitsulo chapadera;sankhani zopangira zoyenera ngati pakufunika.
Chitsulo chaGulu Dadzaphedwa.
Chitsulo chophedwa chimapangidwa powonjezera ma deoxidizers (mwachitsanzo, silicon, aluminiyamu, manganese, etc.) kuzitsulo zosungunuka panthawi yopanga zitsulo, potero kuchepetsa kapena kuthetsa mpweya wa okosijeni muzitsulo.
Mankhwalawa amathandizira kuti chitsulocho chikhale chokhazikika komanso chokhazikika, chimawonjezera makina ake, komanso chimathandizira kukana dzimbiri.
Zitsulo zophedwa chifukwa chake zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mapulogalamu omwe amafunikira kuchuluka kwa homogeneity ndi zida zabwino zamakina, monga kupanga ziwiya zokakamiza, ma boilers, ndi zida zazikulu zamapangidwe.
Machubu achitsulo amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchitoERWkupanga ndondomeko.
ERW (Electric Resistance Welded)ndi ndondomeko yoyenera kupanga mpweya zitsulo chitoliro.
Ndi ubwino mkulu kuwotcherera mphamvu, yosalala pamwamba ndi kunja, liwiro kupanga mofulumira, ndi mtengo wotsika, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'minda ambiri mafakitale ndi zomangamanga.
Chithunzi cha ASTM A178chitoliro chachitsuloayenera kutentha mankhwalapanthawi yopanga.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popititsa patsogolo makina ndi kukhazikika kwa chitoliro, komanso kuthetsa mavuto omwe angakhale atayambitsidwa panthawi yowotcherera.
Mukawotcherera, machubu onse azitenthedwa pa kutentha kwa 1650°F [900°C] kapena kupitirira apo ndipo kenako ndi kuzizirira mumpweya kapena m’chipinda chozizirirapo cha ng’anjo yoyendetsedwa ndi mumlengalenga.
Machubu oziziraadzatenthedwa pambuyo podutsa chozizira chomaliza pa kutentha kwa 1200°F [650°C] kapena kupitirira apo.
Pamene kusanthula kwazinthu kumachitika, kuchuluka kwa kuwunika kumatsimikiziridwa motere.
| Gulu | Kuyendera pafupipafupi |
| M'mimba mwake ≤ 3in [76.2mm] | 250 ma PC / nthawi |
| M'mimba mwake ＞ 3in [76.2mm] | 100pcs / nthawi |
| Kusiyanitsa ndi nambala ya kutentha kwa chubu | Pa kutentha nambala |
Zofunikira zamakina sizigwira ntchito pamachubu ang'onoang'ono kuposa 1/8 in. [3.2 mm] mkati mwake kapena 0.015 mainchesi [0.4 mm] mu makulidwe.
1. Katundu Wokhazikika
Kwa Makalasi C ndi D, kuyezetsa kwamphamvu kumachitidwa pamachubu awiri pagawo lililonse.
Kwa machubu a Gulu A, kuyezetsa kolimba sikofunikira nthawi zambiri.Izi ndichifukwa choti machubu a Gulu A amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pakuchepetsa mphamvu komanso kutentha pang'ono.
Tebulo 3 limapereka machulukidwe ochepera owerengedwera pa 1/32 inchi iliyonse. [0.8 mm] kuchepa mu makulidwe a khoma.
Ngati makulidwe a khoma la chitoliro chachitsulo si chimodzi mwa makulidwe awa, amathanso kuwerengedwa ndi chilinganizo.
Inchi Mayunitsi: E = 48t + 15.00kapenaMayunitsi a ISI: E = 1.87t + 15.00
E = elongation mu 2 in. kapena 50 mm, %,
t= makulidwe enieni a chitsanzo, mkati [mm].
2. Crush Test
Mayeso otulutsa amachitidwa pazigawo za mapaipi 2 1/2 mainchesi [63 mamilimita] m'litali zomwe ziyenera kupirira kutulutsa kwautali popanda kusweka, kung'ambika, kapena kugawanika pa ma welds.
Kwa chubu chosakwana 1 in. [25.4 mm] m'mimba mwake, kutalika kwa chitsanzocho kukhale 2 1/2 kuwirikiza kunja kwa chubu.Kuwunika pang'ono sikungakhale chifukwa chokanidwa.
3. Flattening Mayeso
Njira yoyesera ikugwirizana ndi zofunikira za ASTM A450 Gawo 19.
4. Mayeso a Flange
Njira yoyesera ikugwirizana ndi zofunikira za ASTM A450 Gawo 22.
5. Reverse Flattening Test
Njira yoyesera ikugwirizana ndi zofunikira za ASTM A450, Gawo 20.
Kuyesa kwamagetsi kwa Hydrostatic kapena kosawononga kumachitika pa chitoliro chilichonse chachitsulo.
Zofunikira zili molingana ndi ASTM A450, Gawo 24 kapena 26.
Deta yotsatirayi imachokera ku ASTM A450 ndipo imakwaniritsa zofunikira pazitsulo zowotcherera zitsulo zokha.
Kupatuka Kunenepa
0 - + 10%.
Kupatuka kwa Wall Makulidwe
0 - + 18%.
Kupatuka kwa Diameter Kunja
| Kunja Diameter | Zovomerezeka Zosiyanasiyana | ||
| in | mm | in | mm |
| OD ≤1 | OD≤ 25.4 | ± 0.004 | ±0.1 |
| 1＜OD ≤1½ | 25.4＜OD ≤38.4 | ± 0.006 | ± 0.15 |
| 1½＜OD＜2 | 38.1＜ OD＜50.8 | ± 0.008 | ±0.2 |
| 2≤ OD＜2½ | 50.8≤ OD＜63.5 | ± 0.010 | ± 0.25 |
| 2½≤ OD＜3 | 63.5≤ OD＜76.2 | ± 0.012 | ± 0.30 |
| 3≤ OD ≤4 | 76.2≤ OD ≤101.6 | ± 0.015 | ± 0.38 |
| 4＜OD ≤7½ | 101.6＜OD ≤190.5 | -0.025 - +0.015 | -0.64 - +0.038 |
| 7½＜ OD ≤9 | 190.5＜ OD ≤228.6 | -0.045 - +0.015 | -1.14 - +0.038 |
Pambuyo poyika mu boiler, chubuyo iyenera kupirira kukula ndi kupindika popanda kuwonongeka kapena kusweka pa ma welds.
Machubu otenthetsera azitha kupirira ntchito zonse zofunikira zopangira, kuwotcherera, ndi kupindika popanda chilema.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'machubu opopera, zitoliro za boiler, zitoliro za superheater, ndi malekezero otetezeka.
ASTM A178 Gulu AKuchepa kwa kaboni wa tubing kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yowotcherera bwino komanso kulimba kwazinthu zomwe sizimapanikizika kwambiri.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagetsi otsika komanso kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono monga ma boiler otsika (monga ma boilers apanyumba, nyumba zazing'ono zamaofesi, kapena zowotchera fakitale) ndi zotenthetsera zina m'malo otentha kwambiri.
ASTM A178 Gulu Cali ndi mpweya wochuluka wa carbon ndi manganese zomwe zimapatsa chubu ichi mphamvu yabwinoko ndi kukana kutentha kwa malo ovuta kwambiri ogwiritsira ntchito.
Oyenera kupanikizika kwapakatikati komanso kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono monga ma boiler a mafakitale ndi madzi otentha, omwe nthawi zambiri amafunikira kupanikizika ndi kutentha kwambiri kuposa ma boilers apanyumba.
ASTM A178 Gawo Dmachubu ali ndi manganese ambiri komanso silicon yoyenera kuti apereke mphamvu zabwino kwambiri komanso kukana kutentha, kuwapangitsa kukhala okhazikika m'malo otentha kwambiri komanso opanikizika kwambiri komanso oyenera kupirira mikhalidwe yogwira ntchito kwambiri.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo otentha kwambiri komanso otentha kwambiri, monga ma boilers opangira magetsi ndi ma superheaters amakampani.
1. ASTM A179 / ASME SA179: Chosinthira chitsulo chosasunthika chosasunthika komanso machubu a condenser a ntchito ya cryogenic.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'malo ocheperako, amafanana ndi mankhwala ndi makina a ASTM A178.
2. ASTM A192 / ASME SA192: Machubu osasunthika a carbon steel boiler muutumiki wothamanga kwambiri.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga makoma amadzi, ma economizers ndi zigawo zina zokakamiza za ma boiler okwera kwambiri.
3. ASTM A210 / ASME SA210: Imakwirira chitsulo chosakanizika cha kaboni ndi aloyi ndi machubu otenthetsera kutentha kwambiri komanso makina opopera apakati.
4. Mtengo wa 17175: Machubu osasunthika achitsulo ndi mapaipi kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pazovuta kwambiri komanso malo otentha kwambiri.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga mapaipi a nthunzi a boilers ndi zotengera zokakamiza.
5. EN 10216-2: Imafotokozera zaukadaulo wamachubu opanda msokonezo ndi mapaipi azitsulo zopanda aloyi ndi aloyi okhala ndi zinthu zotentha kwambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanikizika.
6. Chithunzi cha JIS G3461: Imakwirira machubu achitsulo cha kaboni opangira ma boiler ndi osinthanitsa kutentha.Ndizoyenera nthawi zambiri zotsika komanso zapakatikati kutentha kutentha.
Ndife apamwamba welded mpweya zitsulo chitoliro wopanga ndi katundu kuchokera China, komanso msokonezo zitsulo chitoliro stockist, kukupatsani osiyanasiyana zitsulo chitoliro njira!
Pamafunso aliwonse kapena kudziwa zambiri za zomwe timapereka, musazengereze kutilankhula nafe.Mayankho anu abwino azitsulo zachitsulo ndi uthenga chabe!
