Chitsulo cha ASTM A214 ndi chubu chachitsulo chamagetsi chosakanizika ndi chitsulo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito posinthanitsa kutentha, ma condensers, ndi zida zofananira zotengera kutentha.Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo zachitsulo ndi m'mimba mwake osapitirira 3in [76.2mm].
Nthawi zambiri ntchito zitsulo chitoliro makulidwe ndiosapitirira 3in [76.2mm].
Kukula kwina kwa chitoliro chachitsulo cha ERW chikhoza kuperekedwa, malinga ngati chitolirochi chikukwaniritsa zofunikira zonse zamtunduwu.
Zinthu zomwe zaperekedwa molingana ndi izi zidzagwirizana ndi zofunikira za Specification A450/A450M.pokhapo ngati taperekedwa pano.
Machubu amapangidwa ndielectric-resistance welding (RW).
Ndi mtengo wake wotsika mtengo, kulondola kwapamwamba kwambiri, mphamvu zabwino kwambiri komanso kukhazikika, komanso kusinthasintha kwapangidwe, chitoliro chachitsulo cha ERW chakhala chinthu chokondedwa chamitundu yambiri yamapaipi amakampani, uinjiniya wamapangidwe, ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana zamapangidwe.
Mukawotcherera, machubu onse azitenthedwa pa kutentha kwa 1650 ° F [900 °] kapena kupitilira apo ndipo kenako ndikuziziritsa mumpweya kapena muchipinda chozizirira cha ng'anjo yoyendetsedwa ndi mpweya.
Machubu oziziritsa ayenera kutenthedwa ndi kutentha kwa 1200°F [650°C] kapena kupitirira apo.
| C(Kaboni) | Mn(Manganese) | P(Phosphorus) | S(Sulfure) |
| kuchuluka kwa 0.18% | 0.27-0.63 | kuchuluka kwa 0.035% | kuchuluka kwa 0.035% |
Sizololedwa kupereka magiredi azitsulo za alloy zomwe zimafuna kuwonjezeredwa kwa chinthu china chilichonse kupatula zomwe zatchulidwa.
Zofunikira zamakina sizigwira ntchito pamachubu okhala ndi m'mimba mwake osakwana 0.126 mu [3.2 mm] kapena makulidwe osakwana 0.015 mu [0.4 mm].
Tensile Property
Palibe zofunikira zenizeni pazachitetezo champhamvu mu ASTM A214.
Izi ndichifukwa choti ASTM A214 imagwiritsidwa ntchito posinthanitsa kutentha ndi ma condensers.Kapangidwe ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka zida izi nthawi zambiri sizimayika machubu ambiri.Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, chidwi chowonjezereka chimaperekedwa ku mphamvu ya chubu yopirira kupanikizika, mphamvu yake yotumiza kutentha, ndi kukana kwake kwa dzimbiri.
Mayeso a Flattening
Pakuti welded chitoliro, chofunika gawo mayeso kutalika si osachepera 4 mu (100 mm).
Kuyesera kunachitika munjira ziwiri:
Gawo loyamba ndi kuyesa kwa ductility, mkati kapena kunja kwa chitoliro chachitsulo, sipadzakhala ming'alu kapena kusweka mpaka mtunda pakati pa mbale ndi wocheperapo kusiyana ndi mtengo wa H wowerengedwa motsatira ndondomekoyi.
H=(1+e)t/(e+t/D)
H= mtunda pakati pa mbale zopalasa, mkati [mm],
t= makulidwe a khoma la chubu, mkati.[mm],
D= kufotokozedwa kunja kwa chubu, mkati [mm],
e= 0.09 (mapindikidwe pa utali wa unit) (0.09 pazitsulo za carbon low (mpweya wa carbon 0.18 % kapena wocheperapo)
Njira yachiwiri ndiyo kuyesa kukhulupirika, yomwe idzapitirire kuphwanyidwa mpaka chitsanzocho chisweka kapena makoma a chitoliro akukumana.Munthawi yonse yoyeserera yokhazikika, ngati zida za laminated kapena zosamveka zapezeka, kapena ngati weldyo siinakwaniritsidwe, ikanidwa.
Mayeso a Flange
Chigawo cha chitoliro chiyenera kugwedezeka kuti chikhale pa ngodya yolondola ku thupi la chitoliro popanda kusweka kapena zolakwika zomwe zingakanidwe pansi pa zomwe zimaperekedwa.
M'lifupi mwa flange kwa carbon ndi aloyi zitsulo adzakhala osachepera peresenti.
| Kunja Diameter | Kutalika kwa Flange |
| Kufikira 2½ mu[63.5mm], kuphatikiza | 15% ya OD |
| Kupitilira 2½ mpaka 3¾ [63.5 mpaka 95.2], kuphatikiza | 12.5% ya OD |
| Kupitilira 3¾ mpaka 8 [95.2 mpaka 203.2], kuphatikiza | 15% ya OD |
Reverse Flattening Test
5 in. [mamilimita 100] muutali wa machubu omalizidwa omalizidwa kukula mpaka kuphatikizirapo ½ mkati. [12.7 mm] m’mimba mwake agawanika motalika 90° mbali iliyonse ya chowotchereracho ndipo chitsanzocho chitsegulidwe ndi kusalala ndi weld pa nsonga yopindika kwambiri.
Sipadzakhala umboni wa ming'alu kusowa kwa malowedwe kapena kuphatikizika chifukwa chochotsa kung'anima mu weld.
Mayeso Olimba
Kuuma kwa chubu sikudzapitirira72 HRBW.
Pa machubu 0.200 mu [5.1 mm] ndi kupitirira mu makulidwe a khoma, mwina mayeso a Brinell kapena Rockwell adzagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kuyesa kwamagetsi kwa Hydrostatic kapena kosawononga kumachitika pa chitoliro chilichonse chachitsulo.
Kuyesedwa kwa Hydrostatic
TheMtengo wothamanga kwambiriziyenera kusungidwa kwa mphindi 5 popanda kutayikira.
Kuthamanga kocheperako kwa hydrostatic kuyesa kumagwirizana ndi kukula kwakunja ndi makulidwe a khoma la chitoliro.Ikhoza kuwerengedwa ndi ndondomeko.
Inchi-Paundi Mayunitsi: P = 32000 t/DorSI Mayunitsi: P = 220.6 t/D
P= hydrostatic test pressure, psi kapena MPa,
t= makulidwe a khoma, mkati kapena mm,
D= kutchulidwa kunja kwake, mkati kapena mm.
Kuthamanga kwakukulu koyesera, kutsatira zomwe zili pansipa.
| Kunja Diameter ya Tube | Hydrostatic Test Pressure, psi [MPa] | |
| OD ＜1 mu | OD ＜25.4 mm | 1000 [7] |
| 1≤ OD ＜1½ mkati | 25.4≤ OD ＜38.1 mm | 1500 [10] |
| 1½≤ OD ＜2 mkati | 38.≤ OD ＜50.8 mm | 2000 [14] |
| 2≤ OD ＜3 mkati | 50.8≤ OD ＜76.2 mm | 2500 [17] |
| 3≤ OD ＜5 mkati | 76.2≤ OD ＜127 mm | 3500 [24] |
| OD ≥5 mkati | OD ≥127 mm | 4500 [31] |
Nondestructive Electric Test
Chubu chilichonse chiziwunikiridwa ndi njira zoyesera zosawononga molingana ndi Specification E213, Specification E309 (ferromagnetic materials), Specification E426 (zopanda maginito), kapena Specification E570.
Deta yotsatirayi imachokera ku ASTM A450 ndipo imakwaniritsa zofunikira pazitsulo zowotcherera zitsulo zokha.
Kupatuka Kunenepa
0 - + 10%, palibe kupatuka pansi.
Kulemera kwa chitoliro chachitsulo kungawerengedwe ndi ndondomeko.
W = C(Dt)t
W= kulemera, Ib/ft [kg/m],
C= 10.69 pa Inchi Units [0.0246615 ya SI Units],
D= kutchulidwa kunja kwake, mkati [mm],
t= makulidwe ochepa a khoma, mkati [mm].
Kupatuka kwa Wall Makulidwe
0 - + 18%.
Kusiyanasiyana kwa makulidwe a khoma la chigawo chilichonse cha chitoliro chachitsulo 0.220 mu [5.6 mm] ndi pamwamba sichidzadutsa ± 5% ya makulidwe enieni a khoma la gawolo.
Avereji ya makulidwe a khoma ndi avareji ya makulidwe okhuthala kwambiri komanso a thinnest pagawolo.
Kupatuka kwa Diameter Kunja
| Kunja Diameter | Zovomerezeka Zosiyanasiyana | ||
| in | mm | in | mm |
| OD ≤1 | OD ≤ 25.4 | ± 0.004 | ±0.1 |
| 1＜ OD ≤1½ | 25.4＜ OD ≤38.4 | ± 0.006 | ± 0.15 |
| 1½＜ OD ＜2 | 38.1＜ OD ＜50.8 | ± 0.008 | ±0.2 |
| 2≤ OD ＜2½ | 50.8≤ OD ＜63.5 | ± 0.010 | ± 0.25 |
| 2½≤ OD ＜3 | 63.5≤ OD ＜76.2 | ± 0.012 | ± 0.30 |
| 3≤ OD ≤4 | 76.2≤ OD ≤101.6 | ± 0.015 | ± 0.38 |
| 4＜ OD ≤7½ | 101.6＜ OD ≤190.5 | -0.025 - +0.015 | -0.64 - +0.038 |
| 7½＜ OD ≤9 | 190.5＜ OD ≤228.6 | -0.045 - +0.015 | -1.14 - +0.038 |
Mafuta omalizidwa ayenera kukhala opanda sikelo.Kuchuluka kwa okosijeni pang'ono sikungaganizidwe ngati sikelo.
Chubu chilichonse chiyenera kulembedwa momveka bwinodzina la wopanga kapena mtundu, nambala yeniyeni, ndi ERW.
Dzina la wopanga kapena chizindikiro chake chikhoza kuyikidwa kwamuyaya pa chubu chilichonse pogudubuza kapena kupondaponda pang'onopang'ono musanasinthe.
Ngati sitampu imodzi yaikidwa pa chubu ndi dzanja, chizindikirochi sichiyenera kupitirira mamilimita 200 kuchokera kumalekezero a chubucho.
Kukana kutentha kwambiri ndi kupanikizika: Kukhoza kupirira kutentha kwakukulu ndi kupanikizika ndi katundu wofunika kwambiri mu machitidwe osinthanitsa kutentha.
Zabwino matenthedwe madutsidwe: Zida ndi njira zopangira chubu chachitsulo ichi zimatsimikizira kutenthetsa kwabwino kwa ntchito zomwe zimafuna kusinthanitsa kutentha koyenera.
Weldability: Ubwino wina ndikuti amatha kulumikizidwa bwino ndi kuwotcherera, kupanga kukhazikitsa ndi kukonza kosavuta.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri posinthanitsa kutentha, ma condensers, ndi zida zofananira zotengera kutentha.
1. Zosintha kutentha: M'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, osinthanitsa kutentha amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusamutsa mphamvu ya kutentha kuchokera kumadzimadzi amodzi (madzi kapena gasi) kupita kwina popanda kuwalola kuti agwirizane.Machubu achitsulo a ASTM A214 amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazida zamtunduwu chifukwa amatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri komanso zovuta zomwe zimatha kuchitika.
2. Ma condensers: Ma condenser amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pochotsa kutentha pozizirira, mwachitsanzo mu firiji ndi makina oziziritsira mpweya, kapena posinthira nthunzi kukhala madzi m'malo opangira magetsi.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makinawa chifukwa cha kutentha kwawo kwabwino komanso mphamvu zamakina.
3. Zida zosinthira kutentha: Mtundu uwu wa chubu chachitsulo umagwiritsidwanso ntchito pazida zina zosinthira kutentha mofanana ndi zotenthetsera kutentha ndi condensers, monga evaporators ndi coolers.
Chithunzi cha ASTM A179: ndi chotenthetsera chotenthetsera chachitsulo chosakanizika chozizira komanso cholumikizira machubu a condenser.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zofanana, monga zosinthira kutentha ndi ma condensers.Ngakhale A179 ndi yopanda msoko, imapereka zinthu zofanana zosinthira kutentha.
Chithunzi cha ASTM A178: Imakwirira machubu otenthetsera kaboni ndi carbon-manganese chitsulo.Machubuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'ma boilers ndi ma superheaters, ndipo amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito posinthanitsa ndi kutentha komwe kuli ndi zosowa zofanana, makamaka pomwe mamembala owotcherera amafunikira.
ASTM A192: Imakwirira machubu opanda chitsulo cha kaboni osasunthika kuti agwire ntchito yothamanga kwambiri.Ngakhale kuti machubuwa amapangidwa makamaka kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo othamanga kwambiri komanso otentha kwambiri, zida zawo ndi njira zopangira zimawapangitsa kukhala oyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zina zotumizira kutentha zomwe zimafunikira kupanikizika kwambiri komanso kukana kutentha.
Ndife apamwamba welded mpweya zitsulo chitoliro wopanga ndi katundu kuchokera China, komanso msokonezo zitsulo chitoliro stockist, kukupatsani osiyanasiyana zitsulo chitoliro njira!
Pamafunso aliwonse kapena kudziwa zambiri za zomwe timapereka, musazengereze kutilankhula nafe.Mayankho anu abwino azitsulo zachitsulo ndi uthenga chabe!
