Chithunzi cha ASTM A334Gulu 1ndi opanda msoko ndi welded mpweya zitsulo chitoliro ntchito otsika kutentha.
Ili ndi mpweya wochuluka wa 0.30%, manganese okhutira 0.40-1.60%, mphamvu yocheperako ya 380Mpa (55ksi), ndi mphamvu yokolola ya 205Mpa (30ksi).
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pamayendedwe amadzimadzi m'malo otentha kwambiri, zida zamafiriji, ndi ntchito zina zamafakitale zomwe zimafuna kukana kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono.
ASTM A334 ili ndi magiredi angapo kuti athe kuthana ndi malo otsika otsika, omwe ndi:Grade 1, Grade 3, Grade 6, Grade 7, Grade 8, Grade 9, ndi Giredi 11.
Pali mitundu iwiri ya zitsulo, carbon zitsulo ndi aloyi zitsulo.
Gulu 1ndiGulu 6onse ndi zitsulo za carbon.
Akhoza kupangidwa ndinjira zopanda msoko kapena welded.
Popanga machubu opanda zitsulo, pali njira ziwiri zopangira,Kutentha komaliza kapena Kozizira.
Kusankha kumadalira makamaka kumapeto kwa chitoliro, kukula kwa chitoliro, ndi zofunikira zenizeni za zinthu zakuthupi.
M'munsimu muli chithunzi cha ntchito yotentha yotsirizidwa yopanda msoko.
Thekutentha kumalizaNjira yopanda chitoliro imaphatikizapo kutenthetsa billet chitsulo kutentha kwambiri kenako kupanga chitolirocho pogudubuza kapena kutulutsa.Izi zimachitika pa kutentha kwambiri ndipo zimathandiza kupititsa patsogolo microstructure ya zinthu, potero kuwonjezera kulimba kwake konse ndi kufanana.
Njira yomaliza yotentha ndiyofunika kwambiri popanga machubu okhala ndi mainchesi akulu ndi mipanda yokhuthala, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamapaipi onyamula anthu ambiri komanso makonzedwe apangidwe, ndipo ndiyoyenera kupanga ma voliyumu ambiri chifukwa chotsika mtengo.
Zoziziramachubu achitsulo osasunthika amakonzedwa mwa kutambasula zinthuzo zitakhazikika kwathunthu kuti zikwaniritse kukula kwake ndi mawonekedwe ofunikira.Njirayi imathandizira kwambiri kulondola kwapang'onopang'ono komanso kumapeto kwa chinthucho, pomwe kuzizira kozizira kumapangitsanso mphamvu zamakina a chubu, monga mphamvu ndi kukana kuvala.
Kujambula kozizira kumakhala koyenera makamaka kupanga machubu okhala ndi mainchesi ang'onoang'ono ndi makulidwe a khoma laling'ono pomwe kulondola kwapamwamba komanso mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri kumafunikira ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'malo monga ma hydraulic system, zida zamagalimoto, ndi zida zothamanga kwambiri kuti zikwaniritse. zofunikira zenizeni zogwira ntchito kwambiri, ngakhale pamtengo wokwera.
Bweretsani mwachibadwa mwa kutenthetsa kutentha kofanana ndi 1550 °F [845 °C] ndi kuzizira mumpweya kapena m'chipinda chozizira cha ng'anjo yoyendetsedwa ndi mpweya.
Ngati kutentha kuli kofunika, kuyenera kukambirana.
Pamagiredi apamwambawa a machubu achitsulo opanda msoko okha:
Yatsaninso ndikuwongolera kugwira ntchito kotentha komanso kutentha kwa ntchito yomaliza yomaliza mpaka kutentha komaliza kuyambira 1550 - 1750 °F [845 - 955 ℃] ndi kuziziritsa mu ng'anjo yoyendetsedwa ndi mpweya kuchokera kutentha koyambirira kosachepera 1550 ° F [ 845 °C].
Chemistry ya Giredi 1 idapangidwa kuti izitha kulimbitsa mphamvu, kuuma, komanso kulimba kwa kutentha kwazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo otentha kwambiri.
| Gulu | C(Kaboni) | Mn(Manganese) | P(Phosphorus) | S(Sulfure) |
| Gulu 1 | 0.30% | 0.40-1.06% | ndi 0.025 % | ndi 0.025 % |
| Pakuchepetsa kulikonse kwa 0.01% carbon pansi pa 0.30%, manganese 0.05 % pamwamba pa 1.06% adzaloledwa kufika pa 1.35 % manganese. | ||||
Mpweya ndiye chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimawonjezera mphamvu ndi kuuma kwa chitsulo, koma pogwiritsira ntchito kutentha kochepa, mpweya wambiri wa carbon ukhoza kuchepetsa kulimba kwa zinthuzo.
Gulu la 1, lomwe lili ndi mpweya wambiri wa 0,30%, limatchedwa chitsulo chochepa cha carbon ndipo limayendetsedwa pamlingo wochepa kuti liwongolere kulimba kwake kwa kutentha.
Machulukidwe ocheperako owerengeka pa 1/32 iliyonse mu [0.80 mm] kuchepa mu makulidwe a khoma.
Kuyesa kwamphamvu pamachubu achitsulo a Gulu 1 kumachitikapa -45°C [-50°F], yomwe idapangidwa kuti itsimikizire kulimba ndi kukana kwa zinthuzo m'malo otsika kwambiri.Kuyesedwa kumachitidwa posankha mphamvu yoyenera yokhudzana ndi khoma la chitoliro chachitsulo.
Zitsanzo za zotsatira za Notched-bar zidzakhala za mtengo wosavuta, mtundu wa Charpy, molingana ndi Njira Zoyesera E23.Mtundu A, wokhala ndi V notch.
Njira ziwiri zodziwika bwino zoyezera kuuma ndi kuyesa kwa kuuma kwa Rockwell ndi Brinell.
| Gulu | Rockwell | Brinell |
| Chithunzi cha ASTM A334 | b85 ndi | 163 |
Chitoliro chilichonse chiziyesedwa mosawonongeka ndi magetsi kapena hydrostatically malinga ndi STM A1016/A1016M.Pokhapokha ngati zafotokozedwa mwanjira yogulira, mtundu wa mayeso oti ugwiritsidwe ntchito uzikhala mwa kusankha kwa wopanga.
Kuphatikiza pa zizindikiritso zomwe zafotokozedwa mu Specification A1016/A1016M, chizindikirocho chidzaphatikizanso kutentha komaliza, kukokedwa kozizira, kopanda msoko, kapena kutenthedwa, ndi zilembo "LT" zotsatiridwa ndi kutentha komwe kuyezetsa kwake kudachitika.
Pamene chitoliro chachitsulo chomalizidwa sichikhala chokwanira kuti mupeze chitsanzo chaching'ono, cholembera sichidzaphatikizapo zilembo za LT ndi kutentha komwe kumayesedwa.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana omwe amafunikira kutentha kochepa.
Cryogenic fluid transportation: Kalasi 1 zitsulo chitoliro chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula madzi cryogenic monga liquefied gasi (LNG), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), ndi mankhwala ena cryogenic.Zamadzimadzizi nthawi zambiri zimafunika kunyamulidwa bwino pa kutentha kocheperako, ndipo chitoliro chachitsulo cha Gulu 1 chimasunga mawonekedwe ake komanso kukhulupirika kwake pamatenthedwe otsika awa.
Refrigeration machitidwe ndi zipangizo: Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka zoziziritsa kukhosi pamakinawa.
Zosintha kutentha ndi condensers: Zosinthira kutentha ndi ma condensers ndizofunikira kwambiri m'mafakitale ndi mphamvu, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito machubu achitsulo a Gulu 1 ngati zomangira.Zipangizozi zimafuna zipangizo zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso kukana kwa dzimbiri pa kutentha kochepa kuti zitsimikizire kudalirika kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kugwira ntchito bwino.
Malo ozizira osungira ndi firiji: M'malo ozizira ozizira ndi malo ena a firiji, makina a mapaipi ayenera kusinthidwa kuti azitentha kwambiri.Chitoliro chachitsulo cha grade 1 chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapaipi m'malo awa chifukwa cha kuthekera kwake kupitiliza kugwira ntchito m'malo ozizira popanda kulephera.
1. EN 10216-4: P215NL, P255QL;
2. DIN 17173:TTSt35N;
3. JIS G3460:STPL 380;
4. GB/T 18984: 09Mn2V.
Miyezo ndi magiredi awa adapangidwa kuti akhale ndi katundu wofanana kapena wofanana ndi ASTM A334 Gulu 1, potengera kutsika kwa kutentha ndi njira zina zogwirira ntchito.
Chiyambireni kukhazikitsidwa mu 2014, Botop Steel yakhala ikugulitsa chitoliro chachitsulo cha carbon ku Northern China, chomwe chimadziwika ndi ntchito zabwino kwambiri, zinthu zamtengo wapatali, komanso zothetsera mavuto.Kampaniyi imapereka mapaipi osiyanasiyana a zitsulo za carbon ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwirizana nazo, kuphatikizapo zopanda msoko, ERW, LSAW, ndi chitoliro chachitsulo cha SSAW, komanso mzere wathunthu wazitsulo ndi flanges.
Zopangira zake zapadera zimaphatikizanso ma alloys apamwamba kwambiri ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za austenitic, zopangidwa kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira zama projekiti osiyanasiyana a mapaipi.
