Chithunzi cha ASTM A334Gulu 6ndi mkulu-mphamvu, otsika kutentha mpweya zitsulo chitoliro ndi pazipita mpweya zili 0,30%, ndi manganese zili 0.29-1.06%, osachepera makonde mphamvu ya 415Mpa (60ksi), ndi mphamvu zokolola za 240Mp (35ksi).
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'malo opangira gasi wachilengedwe, uinjiniya wa polar, ndiukadaulo wamafiriji, kutengera malo omwe amakhala otsika kwambiri.
Chithunzi cha ASTM A334ndi ndondomeko yokhazikika ya machubu opanda msoko komanso welded carbon ndi alloy steel pa cryogenic applications.
Pali magiredi angapo kuti akwaniritse zosowa zosiyanasiyana.
Grade 1, Grade 3, Grade 6, Grade 7, Grade 8, Grade 9, ndi Giredi 11.
Gulu 1ndi Sitandade 6 onse ndi mapaipi achitsulo cha carbon.
Chitoliro chachitsulo cha ASTM A334 Gulu 6 chimatha kupangidwa ndi njira zopanda msoko kapena zowotcherera.
Njira zowotcherera zikuphatikizapo njira zosiyanasiyana mongaelectric resistance welding (ERW)ndikuwotcherera kwa arc (SAW).
Pansipa pali njira yopangiraLongitudinal Submerged Arc Welding (LSAW).
Monga opanga machubu achitsulo opangidwa ndi welded, timatha kukwaniritsa zosowa zenizeni za makasitomala athu osiyanasiyana, ndikupereka mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazinthu zopangira kuti zitsimikizire kuti magwiridwe antchito ndi abwino pakugwiritsa ntchito kulikonse.
Chigawo chimodzi chowotcherera cha LSAW chubu chimathandizira kwambiri mphamvu yonse ya chubu, kulola kupirira zovuta zambiri.
Kuphatikiza apo, ndiyoyenera kupanga chitoliro chachitsulo chokhala ndi mainchesi akulu ndi mipanda yolimba yomwe imakwaniritsa zofunikira za ASTM A334 Grade 6 m'mafakitale akuluakulu komanso machitidwe operekera mphamvu, monga pomanga gasi wamkulu wamadzimadzi. LNG).
Nthawi yomweyo, kuwongolera kolondola kumawonetsetsa kuti mapaipi apakati komanso makulidwe a khoma kuti atsimikizire kudalirika kwa kulumikizana komanso kupewa kutayikira pamapaipi.
Bweretsani mwachibadwa mwa kutenthetsa kutentha kofanana ndi 1550 °F [845 °C] ndi kuzizira mumpweya kapena m'chipinda chozizira cha ng'anjo yoyendetsedwa ndi mpweya.
Ngati kutentha kuli kofunika, kuyenera kukambirana.
Chitoliro chachitsulo cha ASTM A334 Grade 6 chidapangidwa kuti chiwonetsetse kuti makina abwino amawotcha kutentha komanso kulimba kokwanira kwa ntchito yodalirika pansi pamikhalidwe yovuta kwambiri.
| Gulu | C (Kaboni) | Mn (Manganese) | P (Phosphorus) | S (Sulfure) | Si (Silikoni) |
| Gulu 6 | kupitirira 0.30 | 0.29-1.06 | kukula 0.025 | kukula 0.025 | mphindi 0.10 |
| Pakuchepetsa kulikonse kwa 0.01% carbon pansi pa 0.30%, manganese 0.05 % pamwamba pa 1.06% adzaloledwa kufika pa 1.35 % manganese. | |||||
Pazitsulo za Giredi 1 kapena Grade 6, sizololedwa kupereka magiredi alloying pazinthu zilizonse kupatula zomwe zimafunikira.Komabe, amaloledwa kuwonjezera zinthu zofunika pa deoxidation wa chitsulo.
Kuyesera kwamphamvu pa chitoliro chachitsulo cha Sitandade 6 kumachitika pa -45°C [-50°F] ngati njira yotsimikizira kulimba ndi kukana kwa zinthuzo m'malo otsika kwambiri.
Chiyesocho chinachitidwa posankha mphamvu yoyenera yokhudzana ndi mphamvu yochokera ku khoma la chitoliro chachitsulo.
Machulukidwe ocheperako owerengeka pa 1/32 iliyonse mu [0.80 mm] kuchepa mu makulidwe a khoma.
| Gulu | Rockwell | Brinell |
| ASTM A334 Gawo 6 | b90 ndi | 190 |
Chitoliro chilichonse chiziyesedwa mosawonongeka ndi magetsi kapena hydrostatically malinga ndi Specification A1016/A1016M.
Pokhapokha ngati zafotokozedwa mwanjira yogulira, mtundu wa mayeso oti ugwiritsidwe ntchito uzikhala mwa kusankha kwa wopanga.
Mayeso a Flattening
Kuyesa kwa Flare (Machubu Opanda Msoko)
Kuyesa kwa Flange (Machubu Owotchedwa)
Reverse Flattening Test
1. Malo opangira gasi wachilengedwe (LNG).: Chifukwa cha kutentha kwake kochepa kwambiri, chitoliro chachitsulo cha Grade 6 chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga LNG, kusungirako ndi zoyendera.Maofesiwa amafunikira zida zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso kulimba kwabwino pamatenthedwe otsika kwambiri.
2. Njira zoyendetsera mafuta ndi gasi: amagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyamula ma hydrocarbon amadzimadzi kapena a gaseous, monga gasi wamafuta amafuta obiriwira (LPG) ndi madzi ena otsika potentha kwambiri.
3. Ukadaulo wa refrigeration ndi malo osungira ozizira: Izi zikugwiranso ntchito kumadera ena aukadaulo wa firiji, monga kuzizira ndi kusungirako kuzizira pokonza chakudya ndi njira zina zamakemikolo zomwe zimafunikira kutentha pang'ono.
4. Polar engineering: M'mapulojekiti a uinjiniya m'magawo a polar, monga malo ofufuzira asayansi ku Arctic kapena Antarctica, amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga makina osunthika okhazikika komanso odalirika omwe amayenera kupirira kuzizira kwambiri komanso kuopsa kwa chilengedwe.
5. Ma air-conditioning systems ndi osinthanitsa kutentha: Zomwe zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'makina akuluakulu opangira mpweya ndi kutentha kwa kutentha, zomwe zimafunika kugwira ntchito bwino pa kutentha kochepa kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti zikuyenda bwino ndi chitetezo.
6. Makina opangira magetsi ndi malo opangira magetsi: M'mapulojekiti apadera opangira magetsi, monga mitundu ina ya malo opangira magetsi, machubu achitsulo a Giredi 6 atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana ndi madzi kapena mpweya pa kutentha kochepa kuti zitsimikizire kuti dongosololi ndi lotetezeka komanso logwira ntchito.
EN 10216-4:P265NL: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka paziwiya zopanikizika za cryogenic ndi makina opangira mapaipi a cryogenic, ali ndi mphamvu yabwino komanso mphamvu ndipo ndi yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'madera a cryogenic.
DIN 17173:TTSt41N: Zopangidwira ntchito zochepetsera kutentha, zimapereka ntchito yabwino kwambiri yotsika kutentha ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazida ndi mapaipi omwe amafunikira malo ogwiritsira ntchito kutentha kwambiri.
JIS G3460:STPL46: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina oyendera mapaipi m'malo otentha kwambiri, otha kupirira zovuta zina zotsika komanso kupanikizika.
GB/T 18984: 09Mn2V: Nkhaniyi ndi yapadera popanga machubu achitsulo osasunthika kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo otentha kwambiri, okhala ndi mphamvu zotsika komanso zolimba zolimba.
Posankha zinthu zofananirazi, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala ndi mawonekedwe amakina amakwaniritsa zofunikira zogwiritsira ntchito komanso zofunikira pakuchita.
Magawo awa akuyenera kufananizidwa mwatsatanetsatane ndipo njira zowonjezera zoyesera ndi ziphaso zitha kufunikira kuti zitsimikizire kuyenerera ndi magwiridwe antchito azinthuzo.
Kuyambira kukhazikitsidwa kwake mu 2014, Botop Steel yakhala yotsogola ogulitsacarbon steel pipeku Northern China, komwe kumadziwika ndi ntchito zabwino kwambiri, zinthu zamtengo wapatali, komanso mayankho athunthu.Kampaniyi imapereka mapaipi osiyanasiyana a zitsulo za carbon ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwirizana nazo, kuphatikizapo zopanda msoko, ERW, LSAW, ndi chitoliro chachitsulo cha SSAW, komanso mzere wathunthu wazitsulo ndi flanges.
Zopangira zake zapadera zimaphatikizanso ma alloys apamwamba kwambiri ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za austenitic, zopangidwa kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira zama projekiti osiyanasiyana a mapaipi.
