Chithunzi cha ASTM A335 P91, amadziwikanso kutiChithunzi cha ASME SA335 P91, ndi chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika cha ferritic chothandizira kutentha kwambiri, UNS No. K91560.
Zili ndi zochepamphamvu yamphamvu ya 585 MPa(85 ksi) ndi osacheperamphamvu zokolola za 415 MPa(60 ksi).
p91makamaka imakhala ndi ma aloyi monga chromium ndi molybdenum, ndipo zinthu zina zosiyanasiyana zophatikizana zimawonjezedwa, zazitsulo zamtengo wapatali, kotero ili ndi mphamvu zapamwamba komanso kukana kwa dzimbiri.
Kuphatikiza apo, P91 imapezeka mumitundu iwiri,Mtundu 1ndiMtundu 2, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale amagetsi, zoyeretsera, zipangizo zamakina zofunika kwambiri, ndi mapaipi m'malo otentha kwambiri komanso opanikizika kwambiri.
Chitoliro chachitsulo cha P91 chimagawidwa m'magulu awiri, Type 1 ndi Type 2.
Mitundu yonseyi ndi yofanana pamakina amakina ndi zofunikira zina monga chithandizo cha kutentha,ndi kusiyana pang'ono mu kapangidwe ka mankhwala ndi cholinga chenicheni cha ntchito.
Chemical zikuchokera: Poyerekeza ndi Type 1, mankhwala amtundu wa 2 amakhala olimba kwambiri ndipo amakhala ndi ma alloying ochulukirapo kuti apereke kutentha bwino komanso kukana dzimbiri.
Mapulogalamu: Chifukwa cha kukhathamiritsa kwa mankhwala, Type 2 ndiyoyenera kutentha kwambiri kapena malo owononga kwambiri, kapena pamagwiritsidwe omwe amafunikira mphamvu ndi kulimba kwambiri.
Chitoliro chachitsulo cha ASTM A335 chiyenera kukhalaopanda msoko.
Njira zopangira zopanda msoko zimagawidwa m'magulukutentha kumalizandiozizira kukokedwa.
Pansipa pali chithunzi cha ndondomeko yomaliza yotentha.
Makamaka, P91, chitoliro chachitsulo chapamwamba kwambiri, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madera ovuta kwambiri chifukwa cha kutentha kwakukulu ndi kupanikizika, chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika chimagwedezeka mofanana ndipo chikhoza kupangidwa kukhala mipanda wandiweyani, motero kuonetsetsa chitetezo chapamwamba komanso zotsika mtengo. .
P91 Mapaipi onse ayenera kutenthedwa kuti azitha kuwongolera bwino mawonekedwe a chitoliro, kukonza makina ake, ndikuwonjezera kukana kutentha ndi kupanikizika.
P91 Type 1 Chemical Components
P91 Type 2 Chemical Components
Ndi zithunzi ziwiri zomwe zili pamwambapa, ndizosavuta kuwona kusiyana pakati pa mtundu wa 1 ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa zinthu ndi zoletsa.
1. Katundu Wokhazikika
Kuyesa kwamphamvu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuyezaperekani mphamvu, kulimba kwamakokedwe,ndielongon ya pulogalamu yoyesera chitoliro chachitsulo, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazinthu zamtundu wa mayeso.
AGulu 5 limapereka ziwerengero zochepa zomwe zawerengedwa.
Kumene makulidwe a khoma ali pakati pa zikhalidwe ziwiri pamwambapa, mtengo wocheperako wotalikirapo umatsimikiziridwa ndi njira iyi:
Longitudinal, P91: E = 32t + 15.00 [E = 1.25t + 15.00]
kumene:
E = elongation mu 2 in. kapena 50 mm, %,
t = makulidwe enieni a zitsanzo, mu. [mm].
2. Kuuma
Njira zingapo zoyezera kuuma zingagwiritsidwe ntchito, kuphatikiza Vickers, Brinell, ndi Rockwell.
Makulidwe a khoma <0.065 mkati [1.7 mm]: Palibe kuyesa kuuma kofunikira;
0.065 mkati [1.7 mm] ≤ makulidwe a khoma <0.200 mkati [5.1 mm]: Mayeso olimba a Rockwell adzagwiritsidwa ntchito;
Khoma makulidwe ≥ 0.200 mu. [5.1 mm]: kusankha ntchito Brinell kuuma mayeso kapena Rockwell kuuma mayeso.
Mayeso a kuuma kwa Vickers amagwira ntchito pa makulidwe onse a machubu.Njira yoyesera imachitika molingana ndi zofunikira za E92.
3. Flattening Mayeso
Kuyesa kudzachitika molingana ndi Gawo 20 la muyezo wa ASTM A999.
4. Bend Test
Pindani 180 ° kutentha, palibe ming'alu yomwe idzawonekere kunja kwa gawo lopindika.
Kukula> NPS25 kapena D/t ≥ 7.0: Mayeso opindika ayenera kuchitidwa popanda kuyezetsa kosalala.
5. P91 Mapulogalamu Oyesera Osasankha
Zinthu zotsatirazi zoyeserera sizifunikira zinthu zoyeserera, ngati kuli kofunikira zitha kutsimikiziridwa ndi kukambirana.
S1: Kusanthula kwazinthu
S3: Mayeso a Flattening
S4: Mapangidwe a Zitsulo ndi Mayeso a Etching
S5: Zithunzi zojambulidwa
S6: Zojambulajambula za Zidutswa Payekha
S7: Njira Yamankhwala Yotenthetsera-Giredi P91 Type 1 ndi Type 2
Mayeso a hydro a P91 akuyenera kutsatira izi.
M'mimba mwake ＞10in.[250mm] ndi khoma makulidwe ≤ 0.75in.[19mm]: ichi chiyenera kukhala kuyesa kwa hydrostatic.
Miyeso ina yoyesera magetsi osawononga.
Kwa zitsulo za ferritic alloy ndi machubu zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, khoma limakumana ndi kupanikizika kosachepera60% ya mphamvu zokolola zochepa zomwe zatchulidwa.
Kuthamanga kwa hydro test iyenera kusungidwa kwanthawi yayitali 5spopanda kutayikira kapena zolakwika zina.
Kuthamanga kwa Hydrauliczitha kuwerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito formula:
P = 2St/D
P= hydrostatic test pressure mu psi [MPa];
S = kupsinjika kwa khoma la chitoliro mu psi kapena [MPa];
t = makulidwe a khoma lotchulidwa, makulidwe a khoma mwadzina malinga ndi nambala yandandanda ya ANSI kapena 1.143 kuchulukitsa kachulukidwe kakang'ono ka khoma, mkati. [mm];
D = kutchulidwa kunja kwake, m'mimba mwake molingana ndi kukula kwake kwa chitoliro cha ANSI, kapena m'mimba mwake kunja kuwerengedwera powonjezera 2t (monga tafotokozera pamwambapa) kumtunda wamkati womwe watchulidwa, mu. [mm].
Chitoliro cha P91 chimayang'aniridwa ndi njira yoyesera ya E213.Muyezo wa E213 umakhudzidwa makamaka ndi kuyesa kwa akupanga (UT).
Ngati zafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane, zitha kuyesedwanso molingana ndi njira yoyesera ya E309 kapena E570.
Muyezo wa E309 nthawi zambiri umagwira ntchito pakuwunika kwamagetsi (eddy current), pomwe E570 ndi njira yoyendera yomwe imaphatikizapo magawo apano a eddy.
Kusiyanasiyana Kovomerezeka mu Diameter
Kwa chitoliro analamula kutimkati mwake, m'mimba mwake sangasiyane kuposa ± 1% kuchokera m'mimba mwake.
Tubing adayitanitsaNPS [DN] kapena ma diameter akunjasayenera kusiyanasiyana ma diameter akunja kuposa momwe zafotokozedwera m'magome ali m'munsiwa.
Kusiyanasiyana Kovomerezeka mu Makulidwe a Khoma
Miyezo ya makulidwe a khoma iyenera kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma caliper amakina kapena zida zoyezera zosawononga zolondola moyenera.Pakakhala mkangano, muyeso womwe umatsimikiziridwa pogwiritsa ntchito makina opangira makina ndiwofunika.
Makulidwe ochepa a khoma ndi mainchesi akunja kuti awonedwe kuti atsatire lamulo ili la chitoliro cholamulidwa ndi NPS [DN] ndi nambala yandandanda ikuwonetsedwa muASME B36.10M.
Zolakwika
Kupanda ungwiro kwapamwamba kumawonedwa ngati zolakwika ngati kupitilira 12.5% ya makulidwe a khoma kapena kupitilira makulidwe ochepa a khoma.
Zopanda ungwiro
Makina amakina, mikwingwirima, ndi maenje, chilichonse mwazopanda ungwiro chimakhala chozama kuposa 1/16 in. [1.6 mm].
Zizindikiro ndi ma abrasions amatanthauzidwa ngati zingwe, ma dinges, zilolezo zolondolera, zolembera, kukwapula kwa mpira, zigoli, zigoli, ndi zina zotero.
Kukonza
Zolakwika zitha kuchotsedwa ndikupera, malinga ngati makulidwe otsala a khoma ndi osachepera makulidwe a khoma.
Kukonzanso kumatha kupangidwanso ndi kuwotcherera koma kuyenera kutsata zofunikira za A999.
Ma welds onse okonzekera mu P91 adzapangidwa ndi imodzi mwa njira zowotcherera ndi zogwiritsira ntchito: SMAW, A5.5 / A5.5M E90XX-B9: SAW, A5.23 / A5.23M EB9 + neutral flux;GTAW, A5.28/A5.28M ER90S-B9;ndi FCAW A5.29/A5.29M E91TI-B9.Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa Ni+Mn zomwe zili muzinthu zonse zowotcherera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza P91 Type 1 ndi Type 2 sizingadutse 1.0%.
P91 chitoliro ayenera kutentha mankhwala pa 1350-1470 °F [730-800°C] pambuyo kukonza weld.
Kunja pamwamba pa anayendera zitsulo chitoliro adzakhala ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:
Dzina la wopanga kapena chizindikiro;nambala yokhazikika;kalasi;kutalika ndi chizindikiro chowonjezera "S".
Zizindikiro za kuthamanga kwa hydrostatic ndi kuyesa kosawononga mu tebulo ili m'munsimu ziyeneranso kuphatikizidwa.
Ngati chitolirocho chikukonzedwa ndi kuwotcherera, chidzalembedwa "WR".
p91 Mtundu (Mtundu 1 kapena Mtundu 2) uyenera kuwonetsedwa.
EN 10216-2: X10CrMoVNb9-1 kapena 1.4903;
JIS G 3462: STPA 28;
GB/T 5310: 10Cr9Mo1VNb;
Zofananirazi zili pafupi kwambiri pamapangidwe amankhwala ndi makina amakina a ASTM A335 P91.
ZidaL: ASTM A335 P91 chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika;
OD: 1/8"- 24";
WT: Malinga ndiASME B36.10zofunika;
NdandandaSCH10, SCH20, SCH30,SCH40, SCH60,SCH80, SCH100, SCH120, SCH140 ndi SCH160;
Chizindikiritso:STD (yokhazikika), XS (yowonjezera-yamphamvu), kapena XXS (yowiri yowonjezera-yamphamvu);
Kusintha mwamakonda: Non-standard chitoliro makulidwe ziliponso, makonda kukula kwake zilipo pa pempho;
Utali: Kutalika kwachindunji ndi kosasintha;
Chitsimikizo cha IBR: Titha kulumikizana ndi bungwe loyang'anira gulu lachitatu kuti tipeze certification ya IBR malinga ndi zosowa zanu, mabungwe athu oyendera mgwirizano ndi BV, SGS, TUV, etc.;
TSIRIZA: Lathyathyathya mapeto, beveled, kapena gulu chitoliro mapeto;
Pamwamba: Chitoliro chopepuka, utoto, ndi chitetezo china kwakanthawi, kuchotsa dzimbiri ndi kupukuta, malata ndi pulasitiki wokutira, ndi chitetezo china chanthawi yayitali;
Kulongedza: Mlandu wamatabwa, lamba wachitsulo kapena kulongedza waya wachitsulo, pulasitiki kapena chitoliro chachitsulo kumapeto kwachitetezo, etc.
