Chithunzi cha ASTM A335 P11Chitoliro chachitsulo ndi chitoliro chosasunthika cha ferritic otsika aloyi chitsulo chothandizira kutentha kwambiri, dzina la UNS K11597.
P11 ndi aloyi ya chromium-molybdenum yokhala ndi chromium ya 1.00-1.50% ndi molybdenum yopezeka 0.44-0.65%.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'ma boilers, ma superheaters, ndi zosinthira kutentha m'malo opangira magetsi ndi mafakitale opanga mankhwala.
The luso zofunika zaChithunzi cha ASME SA335ndiChithunzi cha ASTM A335ndizofanana, kotero kuti kuwonetserako kukhale kosavuta, tidzagwiritsa ntchito "ASTM A335" kunena za miyezo iwiriyi.
ZidaL: ASTM A335 P11 chitoliro chachitsulo chosasunthika;
OD: 1/8"- 24";
WT: Malinga ndiASME B36.10zofunika;
NdandandaSCH10, SCH20, SCH30,SCH40, SCH60,SCH80, SCH100, SCH120, SCH140 ndi SCH160;
Chizindikiritso: STD, XS, XXS;
Kusintha mwamakonda: Non-standard chitoliro makulidwe ziliponso, makonda kukula kwake zilipo pa pempho;
Utali: Kutalika kwachindunji ndi kosasintha;
Chitsimikizo cha IBR: Titha kulumikizana ndi bungwe loyang'anira gulu lachitatu kuti tipeze certification ya IBR malinga ndi zosowa zanu, mabungwe athu oyendera mgwirizano ndi BV, SGS, TUV, etc.;
TSIRIZA: Lathyathyathya mapeto, beveled, kapena gulu chitoliro mapeto;
Pamwamba: Chitoliro chopepuka, utoto, ndi chitetezo china kwakanthawi, kuchotsa dzimbiri ndi kupukuta, malata ndi pulasitiki wokutira, ndi chitetezo china chanthawi yayitali;
Kulongedza: Mlandu wamatabwa, lamba wachitsulo kapena kulongedza waya wachitsulo, pulasitiki kapena chitoliro chachitsulo kumapeto kwachitetezo, etc.
Pokhapokha ngati zafotokozedwa mu A335, zida zoperekedwa pansi pazidziwitsozi zizigwirizana ndi zomwe zili patsamba lino la Specification.A999/A999M.
Chitoliro chachitsulo cha ASTM A335 chiyenera kukhalaopanda msoko.Machubu achitsulo osasunthika amapereka kudalirika kokulirapo komanso kufananiza akakumana ndi kupanikizika kwambiri komanso kutentha.
Zosasunthika zitha kugawidwa m'magulu oziziritsa komanso otentha, kutengera mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwake.
Zojambula zozizira nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma diameter ang'onoang'ono kapena machubu omwe amafunikira kulondola kwambiri komanso mawonekedwe abwino a pamwamba.Kutsirizitsa kotentha nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapaipi achitsulo owongoka komanso okhuthala.
Pansipa pali tchati chotsatira cha njira yopangira chitoliro chachitsulo chotentha chomaliza.
Kutentha kwa zinthu za P11 kumatha kukhala kodzaza kapena kutenthetsa pang'ono kapena kutenthedwa pambuyo pokhazikika, ndipo kukakhala kokhazikika komanso kutentha, kutentha kuyenera kukhala kosachepera 1200 ° F (650 ° C).
Kuchokera ku mankhwala, tikhoza kuona izo mosavutaP11 ndi aloyi ya chromium-molybdenum.
Ma aloyi a Chromium-molybdenum ndi gulu lazitsulo zokhala ndi chromium (Cr) ndi molybdenum (Mo) monga zinthu zazikuluzikulu zophatikizira.Kuphatikiza kwa zinthu izi kumawonjezera mphamvu, kuuma, kukana kuvala, komanso kukana kwa dzimbiri kwachitsulo.Pa kutentha kwambiri, Cr-Mo alloys amatha kusunga zinthu zabwino zamakina ndi dongosolo lokhazikika.
Cr: imathandizira kukana kwa okosijeni ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri kwa aloyi, imathandizira kupanga filimu yamphamvu ya okusayidi, ndikuteteza zinthuzo kuzinthu zowononga.
Mo: Imawonjezera mphamvu ya alloy, makamaka pa kutentha kwakukulu, imapangitsa kukana kukwawa, ndikuwonjezera mphamvu ya kutentha kwa zinthuzo.
1. Katundu Wokhazikika
Kuyesa kwamphamvu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuyezaperekani mphamvu, kulimba kwamakokedwe,ndielongon ya pulogalamu yoyesera chitoliro chachitsulo, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazinthu zamtundu wa mayeso.
AGulu 5 limapereka ziwerengero zochepa zomwe zawerengedwa.
Kumene makulidwe a khoma ali pakati pa zikhalidwe ziwiri pamwambapa, mtengo wocheperako wotalikirapo umatsimikiziridwa ndi njira iyi:
Longitudinal, P11: E = 48t + 15.00 [E = 1.87t + 15.00]
Chodutsa, P11: E = 32t + 15.00 [E = 1.25t + 15.00]
kumene:
E = elongation mu 2 in. kapena 50 mm, %,
t = makulidwe enieni a zitsanzo, mu. [mm].
2. Kuuma
Chitoliro cha P11 sichifuna kuyesa kuuma.
Mtengo wa kuuma kwatsatanetsatane ukuperekedwa pansipa.
Annealed chikhalidwe:
Kuuma nthawi zambiri kumakhala pakati pa 150 ndi 200 HB.
Mkhalidwe wokhazikika komanso wofatsa:
Kulimba kumayambira pafupifupi 170 mpaka 220 HB.
Mkhalidwe wouma ndi wofatsa:
Kuuma kumatha kufika 250 mpaka 300 HB kapena kupitilira apo, kutengera kutentha ndi nthawi.
3. Mapulogalamu Oyesera Osasankha
Zinthu zotsatirazi zoyeserera sizifunikira zinthu zoyeserera, ngati kuli kofunikira zitha kutsimikiziridwa ndi kukambirana.
Kusanthula Kwazinthu
Mayeso a Flattening
Bend Test
Kapangidwe ka Zitsulo ndi Mayeso a Etching
Zithunzi zazithunzi
Zojambulajambula za Zidutswa Payekha
P11 hydrotest iyenera kutsatira izi.
M'mimba mwake ＞10in.[250mm] ndi khoma makulidwe ≤ 0.75in.[19mm]: ichi chiyenera kukhala kuyesa kwa hydrostatic.
Miyeso ina yoyesera magetsi osawononga.
Zofunikira zotsatirazi za mayeso a hydrostatic zapangidwa kuchokera ku zofunikira za ASTM A999:
Kwa zitsulo za ferritic alloy ndi machubu zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, khoma limakumana ndi kupanikizika kosachepera60% ya mphamvu zokolola zochepa zomwe zatchulidwa.
Kuthamanga kwa hydro test iyenera kusungidwa kwanthawi yayitali 5spopanda kutayikira kapena zolakwika zina.
Kuthamanga kwa Hydrauliczitha kuwerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito formula:
P = 2St/D
P= hydrostatic test pressure mu psi [MPa];
S = kupsinjika kwa khoma la chitoliro mu psi kapena [MPa];
t = makulidwe a khoma lotchulidwa, makulidwe a khoma mwadzina malinga ndi nambala yandandanda ya ANSI kapena 1.143 kuchulukitsa kachulukidwe kakang'ono ka khoma, mkati. [mm];
D = kutchulidwa kunja kwake, m'mimba mwake molingana ndi kukula kwake kwa chitoliro cha ANSI, kapena m'mimba mwake kunja kuwerengedwera powonjezera 2t (monga tafotokozera pamwambapa) kumtunda wamkati womwe watchulidwa, mu. [mm].
Chitoliro chilichonse chidzafufuzidwa ndi njira yowunikira yosawononga molingana ndi ZochitaE213, YesetsaniE309, kapena YesetsaniE570.
Kusiyanasiyana Kovomerezeka mu Diameter
Kwa chitoliro analamula kutimkati mwake, m'mimba mwake sangasiyane kuposa ± 1% kuchokera m'mimba mwake.
Tubing adayitanitsaNPS [DN] kapena ma diameter akunjasayenera kusiyanasiyana ma diameter akunja kuposa momwe zafotokozedwera m'magome ali m'munsiwa.
Kusiyanasiyana Kovomerezeka mu Makulidwe a Khoma
Miyezo ya makulidwe a khoma iyenera kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma caliper amakina kapena zida zoyezera zosawononga zolondola moyenera.Pakakhala mkangano, muyeso womwe umatsimikiziridwa pogwiritsa ntchito makina opangira makina ndiwofunika.
Makulidwe ochepa a khoma ndi mainchesi akunja kuti awonedwe kuti atsatire lamulo ili la chitoliro cholamulidwa ndi NPS [DN] ndi nambala yandandanda ikuwonetsedwa muASME B36.10M.
Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'ma boilers, ma superheaters, ndi zosinthira kutentha m'malo opangira magetsi ndi mafakitale opanga mankhwala.
Mabotolo: P11 imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga ma boilers chifukwa cha kukana kutentha ndi kupanikizika, makamaka m'zigawo zomwe zimakhala ndi kutentha kwakukulu ndi kupanikizika.
Chotenthetsera: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuonjezera kutentha kwa nthunzi kuti apititse patsogolo kutentha.p11 imatsimikizira kuti mphamvu ndi kulimba kwa zinthuzo zimasungidwa ngakhale kutentha kwambiri.
Zosintha kutentha: P11 imawonjezera kukana kwa dzimbiri ndi kutentha kwambiri kwa osinthanitsa kutentha, motero kumapangitsa kudalirika ndi chitetezo cha zida.
Kachitidwe ka mapaipi: Makina a mapaipi m'mafakitale amankhwala nthawi zambiri amafunika kunyamula madzi otentha kwambiri kapena nthunzi.mphamvu yotentha kwambiri komanso makina abwino a P11 amapanga kukhala abwino kwa mapulogalamuwa.
a) ASTM A335 P11 ikufanana ndi chiyani?
GB/T 5310: 12CrMo;
DIN 17175: 10CrMo9-10 (1.7380);
EN 10216-2: 10CrMo9-10;
BS 3604: 10CrMo9-10;
JIS G3462: STPA23;
GOST 550-75: 12Kh1MF.
b)Kodi P11 ndi chitsulo chochepa cha alloy?
Inde, P11 ndi chitsulo chochepa cha alloy.
Chitsulo chochepa cha alloy ndi chitsulo cha carbon alloy chomwe chinthu chimodzi kapena zingapo zowonjezera (mwachitsanzo, chromium, molybdenum, faifi tambala, ndi zina zotero) zawonjezeredwa, zomwe zimakhala ndi ma alloying okwana kuyambira 1 mpaka 5 %.
c)Kodi kulimba kwamphamvu kwa ASTM A335 P11 ndi chiyani?
Mphamvu zochepa zocheperako za 415 MPa [60 ksi].
d)Kodi mphamvu zokolola za ASTM A335 P11 ndi ziti?
Mphamvu zocheperako za 205 MPa [30 ksi].
e) Kodi malire a kutentha kwa ASTM A335 P11 ndi otani?
M'malo okhala ndi okosijeni: Kutentha kwambiri kwa ntchito kumakhala pafupifupi 593°C (1100°F).
M'madera omwe sali oxidizing: kutentha kwakukulu kwa utumiki pafupifupi 650 ° C (1200 ° F) kungapezeke.
f)Kodi A335 P11 ndi maginito?
Ndi maginito kutentha kwa firiji.Katunduyu atha kukhala wothandiza pazinthu zina, monga ngati zinthuzo zikufunika kuti zigwirizane ndi zida zodziwira maginito.
g)Mtengo wa ASTM A335 P11 ndi chiyani?
Mitengo imasiyana ndi msika, tilankhule nafe kuti tipeze ndalama zolondola.
