ASTM A178ibyuma byibyuma ni amashanyarazi arwanya gusudira (ERW) yakarubone na karubone-manganese ibyumaikoreshwa nkibikoresho byo gutekesha, ibibyimba, ibicurane bya superheater, numutekano urangira.
Irakwiriye kumiyoboro yicyuma ifite diameter yo hanze ya 12.7-127mm nubugari bwurukuta hagati ya 0.9-9.1mm.
Imiyoboro ya ASTM A178 irakwiriye kuburwanya bwo gusudira hamwehanze ya diameter hagati ya 1/2 - 5 muri [12.7 - 127 mm] n'ubugari bw'urukuta hagati ya 0.035 - 0.360 muri [0.9 - 9.1 mm], nubwo ubundi bunini birumvikana kuboneka nkuko bisabwa, hashingiwe ko utu tubari twujuje ibindi bisabwa byose.
Hano hari amanota atatu yo guhangana nibidukikije bitandukanye.
Icyiciro A, Icyiciro C, na D..
| Icyiciro | Ubwoko bwa Carbone |
| Icyiciro A. | Ibyuma bya Carbone |
| Icyiciro C. | Hagati ya Carbone |
| Icyiciro D. | Carbone-Manganese |
Ibikoresho byatanzwe muri iki gisobanuro bigomba kuba bihuye nibisabwa bikenewe muri iki gihe cyihariye cya A450 / A450M.keretse iyo biteganijwe ukundi.
Icyiciro A.naIcyiciro C.ntugaragaze ibyuma byihariye;hitamo ibikoresho bibisi bikenewe.
Icyuma cyaIcyiciro D.azicwa.
Ibyuma byiciwe bikozwe no kongeramo deoxidizeri (urugero, silikoni, aluminium, manganese, nibindi) mubyuma byashongeshejwe mugihe cyo gukora ibyuma, bityo bikagabanya cyangwa bikuraho ogisijeni yibyuma.
Ubu buvuzi butezimbere ubutinganyi hamwe nogukomera kwibyuma, byongera imiterere yubukanishi, kandi binonosora ruswa.
Ibyuma byishe rero bikoreshwa cyane mubisabwa aho bisabwa urwego rwo hejuru rwabahuje ibitsina hamwe nibikoresho byiza bya mashini, nko gukora ibikoresho byumuvuduko, amashyiga, nibikoresho binini byubaka.
Imiyoboro yicyuma ikorwa hifashishijweERWinzira yo gukora.
ERW (Amashanyarazi arwanya amashanyarazi)ni inzira ikwiranye no gukora ibyuma bya karubone.
Hamwe nibyiza byo gusudira cyane, imbere imbere no hanze yimbere, umuvuduko mwinshi wumusaruro, nigiciro gito, ikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byinshi byinganda nubwubatsi.
ASTM A178umuyoboro w'icyumabigomba kuvurwa ubushyuhemugihe cyo gukora.Ikoreshwa mugutezimbere imiterere yubukorikori hamwe nuburyo butajegajega bwumuyoboro, kimwe no gukuraho imihangayiko ishobora kuba yaratangijwe mugihe cyo gusudira.
Nyuma yo gusudira, imiyoboro yose igomba gukorerwa ubushyuhe ku bushyuhe bwa 1650 ° F [900 ° C] cyangwa hejuru yayo hanyuma igakurikirwa no gukonjesha mu kirere cyangwa mu cyumba gikonjesha cy’itanura rigenzurwa n’ikirere.
Imiyoboro ikonjeigomba gushyukwa nyuma yubukonje bwa nyuma ikonje ku bushyuhe bwa 1200 ° F [650 ° C] cyangwa irenga.
Iyo isesengura ryibicuruzwa rikozwe, inshuro yo kugenzura igenwa kuburyo bukurikira.
| Ibyiciro | Kugenzura Inshuro |
| Diameter yo hanze ≤ 3in [76.2mm] | 250 pc / isaha |
| Diameter yo hanze ＞ 3in [76.2mm] | 100 pc / isaha |
| Tandukanya numero yubushyuhe | Kuri numero yubushyuhe |
Ibikoresho bya mashini ntibisabwa gukoreshwa mubituba bito biri munsi ya 1/8 muri. [3,2 mm] imbere ya diametre cyangwa 0,015 muri.
1. Umutungo utoroshye
Kubyiciro C na D, ikizamini cya tensile kizakorerwa kumiyoboro ibiri muri buri gice.
Kuri Grade A tubing, ibizamini bya tensile ntabwo bisanzwe bisabwa.Ibi biterwa nuko Grade A tubing ikoreshwa cyane cyane kumuvuduko muke hamwe nubushyuhe buke.
Imbonerahamwe 3 itanga agaciro kabarwa karekare kuri buri 1/32 muri. [0.8 mm] kugabanuka mubugari bwurukuta.
Niba uburebure bwurukuta rwumuyoboro wibyuma atari bumwe murubwo bunini bwurukuta, birashobora no kubarwa na formula.
Ibice bya Inch: E = 48t + 15.00cyangwaIbice bya ISI: E = 1.87t + 15.00
E = kurambura muri 2 muri. Cyangwa 50 mm,%,
t = uburebure bwikigereranyo nyacyo, muri. [mm].
2. Kumenagura Ikizamini
Ibizamini byo gukuramo bikorerwa kumirongo ya santimetero 2/2 z'uburebure bugomba kwihanganira gusohora igihe kirekire bitavunitse, gucamo ibice, cyangwa gucikamo ibice.
Kubituba munsi ya 1 muri.Igenzura ryoroheje ntirishobora kuba impamvu yo kwangwa.
3. Ikizamini cyo Kuringaniza
Uburyo bw'igeragezwa buhuye n'ibisabwa bijyanye na ASTM A450 Igice cya 19.
4. Ikizamini cya Flange
Uburyo bw'igeragezwa buhuye n'ibisabwa bijyanye na ASTM A450 Igice cya 22.
5. Hindura Ikizamini cya Flattening
Uburyo bw'igeragezwa buhuye n'ibisabwa bijyanye na ASTM A450, Igice cya 20.
Hydrostatike cyangwa idasenya amashanyarazi ikorerwa kuri buri muyoboro wibyuma.
Ibisabwa bihuye na ASTM A450, Igice cya 24 cyangwa 26.
Amakuru akurikira yakomotse kuri ASTM A450 kandi yujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa kugirango umuyoboro w'icyuma usudwe gusa.
Gutandukana Ibiro
0 - + 10%.
Gutandukana k'urukuta
0 - + 18%.
Hanze ya Diameter Gutandukana
| Hanze ya Diameter | Impinduka zemewe | ||
| in | mm | in | mm |
| OD ≤1 | OD≤ 25.4 | ± 0.004 | ± 0.1 |
| 1 ＜ OD ≤1½ | 25.4 ＜ OD ≤38.4 | ± 0.006 | ± 0.15 |
| 1½ ＜ OD ＜ 2 | 38.1 ＜ OD ＜ 50.8 | ± 0.008 | ± 0.2 |
| 2≤ OD ＜ 2½ | 50.8≤ OD ＜ 63.5 | ± 0.010 | ± 0.25 |
| 2½≤ OD ＜ 3 | 63.5≤ OD ＜ 76.2 | ± 0.012 | ± 0.30 |
| 3≤ OD ≤4 | 76.2≤ OD ≤101.6 | ± 0.015 | ± 0.38 |
| 4 ＜ OD ≤7½ | 101.6 ＜ OD ≤190.5 | -0.025 - +0.015 | -0.64 - +0.038 |
| 7½ ＜ OD ≤9 | 190.5 ＜ OD ≤228.6 | -0.045 - +0.015 | -1.14 - +0.038 |
Nyuma yo kwinjizwa muri boiler, umuyoboro ugomba kuba ushobora kwihanganira kwaguka no kugunama utabanje kuvunika inenge cyangwa gutobora kuri weld.
Imiyoboro ya superheater igomba kuba ishobora guhangana nibikorwa byose bikenewe byo guhimba, gusudira, no kunama nta nenge.
Ahanini ikoreshwa mubituba, ibibyimba, ibicurane bya superheater, hamwe numutwe utekanye.
ASTM A178 Icyiciro A.tubing nkeya ya karubone itanga gusudira neza hamwe nubukomere bukabije kubisabwa bidatewe ningutu nyinshi.
Ikoreshwa cyane cyane kumuvuduko muke hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hagati nkubushyuhe buke (urugero, ibyuka byo murugo, inyubako ntoya y'ibiro, s cyangwa uruganda rukora uruganda) hamwe nabandi bahindura ubushyuhe mubushyuhe buke.
ASTM A178 Icyiciro C.ifite karubone nyinshi na manganese biha iyi tube imbaraga nziza hamwe nubushyuhe bukabije kubikorwa bikenewe cyane.
Bikwiranye nubushyuhe buciriritse hamwe nubushyuhe buringaniye nko gutekesha amazi ninganda zishyushye, mubisanzwe bisaba umuvuduko mwinshi nubushyuhe burenze ibyuka byo murugo.
ASTM A178 Icyiciro D.tubes ifite ibintu byinshi bya manganese hamwe na silikoni ikwiye kugirango itange imbaraga nziza nubushyuhe bwo guhangana nubushyuhe, bigatuma ihagarara neza mubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe n’umuvuduko mwinshi kandi bikwiranye n’imikorere ikabije.
Mubisanzwe bikoreshwa mumuvuduko mwinshi nubushyuhe bwo hejuru, nkibikomoka kumashanyarazi hamwe ninganda zidasanzwe.
1. ASTM A179 / ASME SA179.Byibanze bikoreshwa mubidukikije byo hasi, birasa mumiti nubukanishi kuri ASTM A178.
2. ASTM A192 / ASME SA192: Amashanyarazi ya karubone idafite icyuma muri serivisi yumuvuduko mwinshi.Byibanze bikoreshwa mugukora inkuta zamazi, abashinzwe ubukungu nibindi bikoresho byumuvuduko ukabije wumuvuduko ukabije.
3. ASTM A210 / ASME SA210: Gupfundikanya karubone iciriritse hamwe na alloy ibyuma bitetse hamwe nigituba cya superheater kubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe na sisitemu yo gutekesha ingufu.
4. DIN 17175: Imiyoboro idafite ibyuma hamwe nimiyoboro yo gukoreshwa mumuvuduko mwinshi hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru.Ahanini ikoreshwa mugukora imiyoboro ya parike kubitetse hamwe nimiyoboro.
5. EN 10216-2: Itondekanya uburyo bwa tekiniki kubituba bitagira umuringa hamwe nu miyoboro ya non-alloy hamwe nicyuma kivanze hamwe nubushyuhe bwihariye bwo hejuru kubisabwa mukibazo.
6. JIS G3461: Gupfundikanya ibyuma bya karubone kubitetse no guhanahana ubushyuhe.Birakwiriye muri rusange ubushyuhe bwo hasi no hagati yumuvuduko wubushyuhe.
Turi abanyabugeni bo mu rwego rwo hejuru basudira ibyuma bya karuboni kandi bitanga ibicuruzwa biva mu Bushinwa, kandi tunabika ibyuma bidafite ibyuma, biguha ibisubizo byinshi byicyuma!
Kubibazo byose cyangwa kumenya byinshi kubyerekeye amaturo yacu, ntutindiganye kutwandikira.Ibyiza byawe byicyuma cyiza ni ubutumwa kure!
