ASTM A214 ibyuma ni ibyuma birwanya amashanyarazi-gusudira ibyuma bya karubone kugirango bikoreshwe mu guhanahana ubushyuhe, kondenseri, hamwe n’ibikoresho byohereza ubushyuhe.Ubusanzwe ikoreshwa mubyuma byuma hamwe na diameter yo hanze itarenze 3in [76.2mm].
Mubisanzwe ikoreshwa ryicyuma kingana nintabwo irenze 3in [76.2mm].
Ubundi bunini bwicyuma cya ERW burashobora gutangwa, mugihe iyo miyoboro yujuje ibindi bisabwa byose.
Ibikoresho byatanzwe muri iki gisobanuro bigomba kuba bihuye nibisabwa bikenewe muri iki gihe cyihariye cya A450 / A450M.keretse iyo biteganijwe ukundi.
Imiyoboro igomba gukorwa nagusudira amashanyarazi (ERW).
Hamwe nigiciro cyayo gito cyo gukora, uburinganire buringaniye, imbaraga zidasanzwe kandi ziramba, hamwe nuburyo bworoshye bwo gushushanya, umuyoboro wibyuma bya ERW wahindutse ibikoresho byatoranijwe muburyo butandukanye bwo kuvoma inganda, inganda zubaka, n'imishinga itandukanye.
Nyuma yo gusudira, imiyoboro yose igomba gukorerwa ubushyuhe ku bushyuhe bwa 1650 ° F [900 °] cyangwa hejuru yayo hanyuma igakurikirwa no gukonjesha mu kirere cyangwa mu cyumba gikonjesha cy’itanura ry’ikirere.
Imiyoboro ikonje ikonje igomba kuvurwa nyuma yubushyuhe bwa nyuma bwo gukonjesha ku bushyuhe bwa 1200 ° F [650 ° C] cyangwa hejuru yayo.
| C.(Carbone) | Mn(Manganese) | P.(Fosifore) | S.(Amazi meza) |
| max 0.18% | 0.27-0.63 | max 0.035% | max 0.035% |
Ntabwo byemewe gutanga amanota yicyuma kivanze guhamagarira cyane cyane kongeramo ikindi kintu kitari urutonde.
Ibisabwa bya mashini ntibikoreshwa mubitereko bifite diameter y'imbere iri munsi ya 0.126 muri [3,2 mm] cyangwa umubyimba uri munsi ya 0.015 muri [0.4 mm].
Umutungo wa Tensile
Nta bisabwa byihariye kumitungo ihindagurika muri ASTM A214.
Ni ukubera ko ASTM A214 ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu guhanahana ubushyuhe na kondenseri.Igishushanyo nigikorwa cyibi bikoresho ntabwo mubisanzwe bishyira hejuru cyane kuri tubing.Ibinyuranye, hibandwa cyane kubushobozi bwa tube bwo guhangana nigitutu, imiterere yubushyuhe bwayo, hamwe no kurwanya ruswa.
Ikizamini cya Flattening
Ku miyoboro isudira, uburebure bwikizamini gisabwa ntabwo buri munsi ya 4 muri (100 mm).
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mubyiciro bibiri:
Intambwe yambere ni ikizamini cyo guhindagurika, imbere cyangwa hanze yumuringoti wibyuma, ntihazabaho gucika cyangwa kumeneka kugeza intera iri hagati yamasahani iri munsi yagaciro ka H ibarwa ukurikije formula ikurikira.
H = (1 + e) t / (e + t / D)
H= intera iri hagati yamasahani, muri. [mm],
t= urukuta rwerekanwe uburebure bwigituba, muri. [mm],
D= byerekanwe diameter yo hanze yigituba, muri. [mm],
e= 0.09.
Intambwe ya kabiri ni ikizamini cyubunyangamugayo, izakomeza gutunganywa kugeza igihe ingero zimenetse cyangwa inkuta z'umuyoboro zihuye.Mu kizamini cyose cyo gusibanganya, niba habonetse ibintu byanduye cyangwa bidafite ishingiro, cyangwa niba gusudira bituzuye, byanze.
Ikizamini cya Flange
Igice cy'umuyoboro kigomba kuba gishobora guhindurwamo umwanya uhagaze ku mfuruka iboneye ku mubiri w'umuyoboro udacitse cyangwa udusembwa dushobora kwangwa hakurikijwe ibivugwa mu bicuruzwa.
Ubugari bwa flange ya karubone nicyuma gishobora kuba munsi yijana.
| Hanze ya Diameter | Ubugari bwa Flange |
| Kuri 2½in [63.5mm], incl | 15% ya OD |
| Kurenga 2½ kugeza 3¾ [63.5 kugeza 95.2], incl | 12.5% ya OD |
| Kurenga 3¾ kugeza 8 [95.2 kugeza 203.2], incl | 15% ya OD |
Ihindure Ikizamini
Uburebure bwa 5 muri. gusudira aho bigeze ntarengwa.
Nta kimenyetso cyerekana ko gucikamo kutinjira cyangwa guhuzagurika biturutse ku gukuraho flash muri weld.
Ikizamini gikomeye
Ubukomezi bwigituba ntibushobora kurenga72 HRBW.
Kubituba 0.200 muri [5.1 mm] no hejuru yuburebure bwurukuta, hazakoreshwa ikizamini cya Brinell cyangwa Rockwell.
Hydrostatike cyangwa idasenya amashanyarazi ikorerwa kuri buri muyoboro wibyuma.
Ikizamini cya Hydrostatike
Uwitekaagaciro ntarengwabigomba kubungabungwa byibuze 5s bitamenetse.
Umuvuduko muto wa hydrostatike wikigereranyo ufitanye isano na diameter yo hanze hamwe nuburebure bwurukuta rwumuyoboro.Irashobora kubarwa na formula.
Inch-Pound Units: P = 32000 t / D.orSI Ibice: P = 220.6 t / D.
P= igitutu cya hydrostatike, psi cyangwa MPa,
t= uburebure bwurukuta rwerekanwe, muri. cyangwa mm,
D= byerekanwe hanze ya diameter, muri. cyangwa mm.
Umuvuduko ntarengwa wubushakashatsi, kubahiriza ibisabwa hepfo.
| Hanze ya Diameter ya Tube | Umuvuduko wikizamini cya Hydrostatike, psi [MPa] | |
| OD ＜ 1 muri | OD ＜ 25.4 mm | 1000 [7] |
| 1≤ OD ＜ 1½ muri | 25.4≤ OD ＜ 38.1 mm | 1500 [10] |
| 1½≤ OD ＜ 2 muri | 38.≤ OD ＜ 50.8 mm | 2000 [14] |
| 2≤ OD ＜ 3 muri | 50.8≤ OD ＜ 76.2 mm | 2500 [17] |
| 3≤ OD ＜ 5 muri | 76.2≤ OD ＜ 127 mm | 3500 [24] |
| OD ≥5 muri | OD ≥127 mm | 4500 [31] |
Ikizamini cy'amashanyarazi kidahwitse
Buri muyoboro ugomba gusuzumwa nuburyo bwo gupima budasenya ukurikije E213, Ibisobanuro E309 (ibikoresho bya ferromagnetic), Ibisobanuro E426 (ibikoresho bitari magnetique), cyangwa E570.
Amakuru akurikira yakomotse kuri ASTM A450 kandi yujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa kugirango umuyoboro w'icyuma usudwe gusa.
Gutandukana Ibiro
0 - + 10%, nta gutandukana kumanuka.
Uburemere bwumuyoboro wibyuma urashobora kubarwa na formula.
W = C (Dt) t
W= uburemere, Ib / ft [kg / m],
C= 10.69 kubice bya Inch [0.0246615 kubice SI],
D= byerekanwe hanze ya diameter, muri. [mm],
t= byerekanwe byibuze uburebure bwurukuta, muri. [mm].
Gutandukana k'urukuta
0 - + 18%.
Itandukaniro ryuburebure bwurukuta rw'igice icyo aricyo cyose cy'umuyoboro w'icyuma 0.220 muri [5,6 mm] no hejuru ntirishobora kurenga ± 5% by'uburebure bw'urukuta nyarwo rw'icyo gice.
Impuzandengo y'urukuta rw'impuzandengo ni impuzandengo yuburebure bwurukuta kandi ruto cyane mu gice.
Hanze ya Diameter Gutandukana
| Hanze ya Diameter | Impinduka zemewe | ||
| in | mm | in | mm |
| OD ≤1 | OD ≤ 25.4 | ± 0.004 | ± 0.1 |
| 1 ＜ OD ≤1½ | 25.4 ＜ OD ≤38.4 | ± 0.006 | ± 0.15 |
| 1½ ＜ OD ＜ 2 | 38.1 ＜ OD ＜ 50.8 | ± 0.008 | ± 0.2 |
| 2≤ OD ＜ 2½ | 50.8≤ OD ＜ 63.5 | ± 0.010 | ± 0.25 |
| 2½≤ OD ＜ 3 | 63.5≤ OD ＜ 76.2 | ± 0.012 | ± 0.30 |
| 3≤ OD ≤4 | 76.2≤ OD ≤101.6 | ± 0.015 | ± 0.38 |
| 4 ＜ OD ≤7½ | 101.6 ＜ OD ≤190.5 | -0.025 - +0.015 | -0.64 - +0.038 |
| 7½ ＜ OD ≤9 | 190.5 ＜ OD ≤228.6 | -0.045 - +0.015 | -1.14 - +0.038 |
Amavuta yuzuye agomba kuba adafite igipimo.Umubare muto wa okiside ntushobora gufatwa nkubunini.
Buri muyoboro ugomba gushyirwaho neza naizina ryumukoresha cyangwa ikirango, nimero yihariye, na ERW.
Izina ryumukoresha cyangwa ikimenyetso birashobora gushyirwa burundu kuri buri muyoboro uzunguruka cyangwa kashe yerekana mbere yo gukora ibisanzwe.
Niba kashe imwe ishyizwe kumuyoboro n'intoki, iki kimenyetso ntigomba kuba munsi ya 8 muri. [200 mm] uhereye kumutwe umwe.
Kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi nigitutu: Ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi nigitutu ni umutungo wingenzi muri sisitemu yo guhanahana ubushyuhe.
Amashanyarazi meza: Ibikoresho hamwe nuburyo bwo gukora iki cyuma cyerekana ibyuma bitanga ubushyuhe bwiza kubisabwa bisaba guhanahana ubushyuhe neza.
Weldability: Iyindi nyungu nuko ishobora guhuzwa neza no gusudira, gukora installation no kuyitaho byoroshye.
Ahanini ikoreshwa mubijyanye no guhanahana ubushyuhe, kondenseri, nibikoresho bisa byohereza ubushyuhe.
1. Guhindura ubushyuhe: Mubikorwa bitandukanye byinganda, guhanahana ubushyuhe bikoreshwa muguhindura ingufu zubushyuhe ziva mumazi umwe (amazi cyangwa gaze) mukindi ntabemerera guhura nabo.ASTM A214 ibyuma bikoreshwa cyane muri ubu bwoko bwibikoresho kuko bishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi hamwe nigitutu gishobora kugaragara muriki gikorwa.
2. Umuyoboro: Kondereseri ikoreshwa cyane cyane mugukuraho ubushyuhe muburyo bwo gukonjesha, urugero nko muri firigo na sisitemu yo guhumeka, cyangwa muguhindura amavuta mumazi mumashanyarazi.Bakoreshwa muri sisitemu kubera imbaraga zabo nziza zumuriro nimbaraga za mashini.
3. Ibikoresho byo guhanahana ubushyuhe: Ubu bwoko bwicyuma bukoreshwa no mubindi bikoresho byo guhanahana ubushyuhe busa noguhindura ubushyuhe hamwe na kondenseri, nka moteri na firimu.
ASTM A179.Ubusanzwe ikoreshwa mubisabwa hamwe na porogaramu zisa, nka guhanahana ubushyuhe hamwe na kondenseri.Nubwo A179 idafite kashe, itanga ibintu bisa nubushyuhe.
ASTM A178: Gupfundikanya karuboni-isudira karubone hamwe na karubone-manganese ibyuma bitekesha ibyuma.Utu tubari dukoreshwa mubyuma na superheatre, kandi birashobora no gukoreshwa muburyo bwo guhanahana ubushyuhe hamwe nibikenewe cyane cyane aho abanyamuryango basudira basabwa.
ASTM A192: itwikiriye ibyuma bidafite ibyuma bya karuboni ya serivise ya serivise yumuvuduko mwinshi.Mugihe iyi miyoboro igenewe cyane cyane gukoreshwa ahantu h’umuvuduko ukabije n’ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, ibikoresho byabo hamwe nuburyo bwo gukora bituma bakora neza mubindi bikoresho byohereza ubushyuhe bisaba umuvuduko mwinshi nubushyuhe bukabije.
Turi abanyabugeni bo mu rwego rwo hejuru basudira ibyuma bya karuboni kandi bitanga ibicuruzwa biva mu Bushinwa, kandi tunabika ibyuma bidafite ibyuma, biguha ibisubizo byinshi byicyuma!
Kubibazo byose cyangwa kumenya byinshi kubyerekeye amaturo yacu, ntutindiganye kutwandikira.Ibyiza byawe byicyuma cyiza ni ubutumwa kure!
