Ibyuma byubakani ibikoresho bisanzwe byubaka bikozwe mubyiciro bimwe byibyuma kandi biza muburyo butandukanye bwinganda zisanzwe zinyuranye (cyangwa "imyirondoro").Ibyiciro byibyuma byubatswe byateguwe hamwe nibikoresho byihariye bya chimique hamwe nubukanishi bwagenewe gukoreshwa.
Mu Burayi, ibyuma byubatswe bigomba kubahiriza ibipimo byu BurayiEN 10025, iyobowe na komite y’uburayi ishinzwe ubuziranenge n’ibyuma (ECISS), itsinda rya komite y’uburayi ishinzwe ubuziranenge (CEN).
Hariho ingero nyinshi zerekana ibyiciro byuburayi byubatswe, nka S195, S235, S275, S355, S420 na S460.Muri iki kiganiro, tuzibanda ku miterere yimiti, imiterere yubukanishi nogukoresha S235, S275 na S355, ibyiciro bitatu bisanzwe byubatswe byubatswe bikoreshwa mumishinga itandukanye yubwubatsi mubumwe bwi Burayi.
Ukurikije ibyiciro bya Eurocode, ibyuma byubatswe bigomba kugenwa nibimenyetso bisanzwe birimo ariko ntibigarukira kuri S, 235, J2, K2, C, Z, W, JR na JO, aho:
Ukurikije uburyo bwo gukora, ibigize imiti, hamwe nibisabwa, inyuguti zinyongera hamwe nibyiciro bishobora gukoreshwa kugirango umenye urwego rwicyuma cyangwa ibicuruzwa.
Ibyiciro by’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ntabwo ari amahame y’isi yose, bityo amanota menshi ajyanye n’imiti imwe n’imashini ashobora gukoreshwa mu bindi bice byisi.Kurugero, ibyuma byubatswe byakozwe ku isoko ry’Amerika bigomba kuba byujuje ibisabwa na Sosiyete y'Abanyamerika ishinzwe ibizamini (ASTM).Kode mpuzamahanga itangirana na "A" ikurikirwa nicyiciro gikwiye, nka A36 cyangwaA53.
Mu bihugu byinshi, ibyuma byubatswe bigengwa kandi bigomba kuba byujuje ubuziranenge bwihariye kumiterere, ingano, imiterere yimiti nimbaraga.
Ibigize imiti yibyuma byubaka nibyingenzi cyane kandi bigenzurwa cyane.Nibintu nyamukuru bigena imiterere yubukanishi bwibyuma.Imbonerahamwe ikurikira urashobora kubona igipimo ntarengwa cyijanisha cyibintu bimwe na bimwe bishobora guhinduka biboneka mu byiciro by’iburayi byubatswe S235,S275na S355.
Ibigize imiti yibyuma byubaka nibyingenzi cyane kandi bigenzurwa cyane.Nibintu byingenzi bigena imiterere yubukorikori.Imbonerahamwe ikurikira urashobora kubona ijanisha ntarengwa ryibintu bimwe na bimwe byagenwe mubyiciro byuburayi byubatswe mubyiciro S235, S275 na S355.
Imiterere yimiti yibyuma byubaka ningirakamaro cyane kubashakashatsi kandi bizatandukana bitewe nurwego bitewe nikigenewe.Kurugero, S355K2W nicyuma cyubatswe gikomeye, cyitwa K2, hamwe nubumashini bugenewe guhangana nikirere cyinshi - W. Kubwibyo, imiterere yimiti yiki cyiciro cyibyuma itandukanye gato nibisanzweIcyiciro cya S355.
Imiterere yubukorikori bwibyuma byubatswe bishingiye kumurongo no kuyishyira mubikorwa.Nubwo imiterere yimiti aricyo kintu cyingenzi kigena imiterere yubukanishi bwibyuma, ni ngombwa kandi kumenya ibipimo ngenderwaho byibuze kumiterere yimashini cyangwa imikorere, nkimbaraga zumusaruro nimbaraga zingana, nkuko byasobanuwe muburyo burambuye hepfo.
Ibyuma bitanga umusaruro byubaka bipima imbaraga ntarengwa zisabwa kugirango habeho guhindura ibintu burundu mubyuma.Amasezerano yo kwita izina yakoreshejwe muburayi busanzwe EN10025 bivuga imbaraga nkeya yumusaruro wicyuma cyageragejwe kuri mm 16 z'ubugari.
Imbaraga zingana zibyuma byubatswe bifitanye isano nigihe ibintu bigenda bihindagurika iyo ibintu birambuye cyangwa birambuye muburyo burebure.
Ibyuma byubaka biza mubyiciro bitandukanye, ariko akenshi bigurishwa byakozwe muburyo bwihariye bwambukiranya ibice byagenewe porogaramu runaka.Kurugero, ibyuma byubatswe bigurishwa nka I-beam, Z-beam, agasanduku k'isanduku, ibice byubatswe (HSS), L-beam, hamwe nibyuma birasanzwe.
Ukurikije ibyifuzo byifuzwa, injeniyeri agaragaza urwego rwibyuma - mubisanzwe kugirango byuzuze imbaraga nkeya, uburemere ntarengwa, hamwe nibisabwa ikirere - kimwe nimiterere y'ibice - ugereranije nahantu hasabwa hamwe n'imizigo cyangwa imizigo iteganijwe.umurimo ugomba gukorwa.
Ibyuma byubaka bifite porogaramu nyinshi, kandi nibisabwa biratandukanye.Zifite akamaro cyane cyane kuko zitanga uruvange rwihariye rwo gusudira hamwe nimbaraga zizewe.Ibyuma byubaka nigicuruzwa gihuza cyane cyane gikundwa naba injeniyeri bashaka kongera imbaraga cyangwa imiterere ya S mugihe bagabanya uburemere bwabo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-13-2023