Ibyo bitaumuyoboro w'icyumani ukongeramo ibintu bimwe na bimwe bivanze hifashishijwe ibyuma bya karubone, nka Si, Mn, W, V, Ti, Cr, Ni, Mo, nibindi, bishobora kuzamura imbaraga, gukomera, gukomera, gusudira, nibindi bya ibyuma.imikorere.Ibyuma bivangavanze birashobora gushyirwa mubice ukurikije ibikubiye mubintu bivanze, kandi mubikorwa byinganda nubuzima, ibyuma bivanze bizakoreshwa munganda zihariye, kandi birasanzwe no gutondekanya ukurikije intego.
Gutondekanya ukurikije ibikubiye mubintu bivanga
Icyuma giciriritse gike: igiteranyo cya alloy kiri munsi ya 5%;
Icyuma giciriritse giciriritse: igiteranyo cya alloy ni 5 ~ 10%;
Ibyuma bivanze cyane: igiteranyo cyinshi kirenze 10%.
Gutondekanya intego
Ibyuma byubatswe byubatswe: ibyuma bito byubatswe byubatswe (bizwi kandi nk'ibyuma bisanzwe bisanzwe);alloy carburizing ibyuma, ibishishwa byazimye kandi bituje, ibyuma byamasoko;umupira utwara ibyuma
Ibyuma bikoresha ibikoresho: ibyuma byo gukata ibyuma (harimo ibyuma byo gukata ibyuma bito, ibyuma byihuta);alloy die ibyuma (harimo ibyuma bipfa gukonja, ibyuma bishyushye bipfa);ibyuma byo gupima ibikoresho
Ibyuma bidasanzwe bikora: ibyuma bidafite ingese, ibyuma birwanya ubushyuhe, ibyuma birwanya kwambara, nibindi.
Gukoresha nimero yicyuma
Amavuta yo hasi cyane imbaraga zubaka ibyuma
Izina ryarwo ritunganijwe hakurikijwe ibice bitatu: inyuguti ya pinyin yo mu gishinwa (Q) yerekana aho umusaruro utangiriye, igiciro ntarengwa cy’umusaruro, hamwe n’ikimenyetso cyiza (A, B, C, D, E).Kurugero, Q390A bisobanura ibyuma-byoroheje-bikomeye-ibyuma byubaka byubatswe hamwe nimbaraga zimbaraga σs = 390N / mm2 nicyiciro cyiza A.
Gukoresha ibyuma byubaka
Izina ryarwo rigizwe n'ibice bitatu: "imibare ibiri, ibimenyetso icumi by'ibintu + imibare".Imibare ibiri ibanza igereranya inshuro 10,000 10,000 igereranyo cya karuboni igice kinini cyicyuma, ikimenyetso cyibintu cyerekana ibintu bivangavanze bikubiye mubyuma, naho imibare iri inyuma yikimenyetso cyerekana inshuro 100 ikigereranyo rusange cyibice bigize ikintu.Iyo impuzandengo rusange yibice bivangavanze biri munsi ya 1.5%, mubisanzwe ibyerekanwe gusa ariko ntabwo ari umubare wumubare;mugihe impuzandengo ya misa ari .51.5%, .52.5%, .53.5%, ..., 2 na 3 byerekanwe inyuma yibintu bivangavanze, 4 ,...Kurugero, 40Cr ifite impuzandengo ya karubone igice cya Wc = 0.4%, hamwe nimpuzandengo ya chromium igice cya WCr <1.5%.Niba ari urwego rwohejuru rwicyuma cyiza, ongeramo "A" urangije amanota.Kurugero, 38CrMoAlA ibyuma nibyiciro byo murwego rwohejuru-byujuje ubuziranenge buvanze ibyuma.
Kuzunguruka ibyuma
Ongeraho "G" (inyuguti ya mbere ya pinyin yo mu gishinwa yijambo "umuzingo") imbere yizina ryikirango, kandi umubare uri inyuma yerekana inshuro igihumbi igice kinini cya chromium, kandi igice kinini cya karubone ntikiranga .Kurugero, ibyuma bya GCr15 nicyuma kizunguruka gifite impuzandengo rusange ya chromium WCr = 1.5%.Niba chromium itwara ibyuma birimo ibintu bivangavanze bitari chromium, uburyo bwo kwerekana ibyo bintu ni bumwe nubwa rusange ibyuma byubaka.Kuzunguruka ibyuma byose ni ibyuma byo mu rwego rwohejuru byujuje ubuziranenge, ariko "A" ntabwo byongeweho nyuma yamanota.
Gukoresha ibyuma
Itandukaniro riri hagati yuburyo bwo gutondekanya ubu bwoko bwibyuma nibyuma byubatswe byubaka ni uko iyo Wc <1%, imibare imwe ikoreshwa kugirango yerekane inshuro igihumbi igice kinini cya karubone;iyo igice kinini cya karubone ari ≥1%, ntabwo cyashyizweho ikimenyetso.Kurugero, ibyuma bya Cr12MoV bifite impuzandengo ya karubone igice cya Wc = 1,45% ~ 1,70%, ntabwo rero cyashyizweho ikimenyetso; impuzandengo rusange ya Cr ni 12%, naho ibice bya Mo na V byombi ntibiri munsi ya 1.5% .Urundi rugero ni ibyuma bya 9SiCr, impuzandengo ya Wc = 0,9%, naho impuzandengo ya WCr ni <1.5% .Nyamara, ibyuma byihuta byuma byuma bidasanzwe, kandi impuzandengo yacyo ya karuboni ntigaragara nubwo yaba ingana gute.Kubera ibyuma byifashishwa byuma hamwe nibikoresho byihuta byibyuma nibyuma byo murwego rwohejuru ibyuma byiza, nta mpamvu yo gushyira ikimenyetso "A" nyuma yicyiciro cyacyo.
Ibyuma bitagira umwanda hamwe nicyuma cyihanganira ubushyuhe
Umubare uri imbere yubu bwoko bwicyuma cyerekana inshuro igihumbi igice cya karubone.Kurugero, ibyuma 3Crl3 bivuze ko impuzandengo yikigereranyo cya Wc = 0.3%, naho impuzandengo rusange ya WCr = 13% .Iyo igice kinini cya karubone Wc ≤ 0.03% na Wc ≤ 0.08%, byerekanwa na "00" na "0" imbere yikimenyetso, nka 00Cr17Ni14Mo2,0Cr19Ni9 ibyuma, nibindi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-13-2023