ASTM: Sosiyete y'Abanyamerika ishinzwe ibizamini n'ibikoresho ANSI: Ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe ubuziranenge muri Amerika ASME: Sosiyete y'Abanyamerika y'Abashinzwe Imashini API: Ikigo cya peteroli cya Amerika 
ASTM: Sosiyete y'Abanyamerika ishinzwe ibizamini n'ibikoresho (ASTM) yahoze ari ishyirahamwe mpuzamahanga rishinzwe gupima ibikoresho (IATM).Mu myaka ya 1880, hagamijwe gukemura ibitekerezo n’itandukaniro riri hagati y’abaguzi n’abatanga ibicuruzwa mu gihe cyo kugura no kugurisha ibikoresho by’inganda, abantu bamwe basabye ko hashyirwaho gahunda ya komite tekinike, kandi komite tekinike yateguye abahagarariye impande zose kugira ngo bitabira ibiganiro nyunguranabitekerezo. kuganira no gukemura ibintu bifatika bifatika., inzira y'ibizamini nibindi bibazo bitavugwaho rumwe.Inama ya mbere ya IATM yabereye i Burayi mu 1882, hashyirwaho komite ikora.
ASME.Bitewe nuburyo bugenda bwiyongera muburyo butandukanye bwubuhanga, ibitabo bya ASME nabyo bitanga amakuru kubijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho mu bumenyi.Amasomo akubiyemo arimo: ubwubatsi bwibanze, gukora, gushushanya sisitemu, nibindi.
ANSI: Ikigo cy’igihugu cy’ubuziranenge cy’Abanyamerika cyashinzwe mu 1918. Muri icyo gihe, ibigo byinshi n’amatsinda y’ubuhanga yabigize umwuga muri Amerika byari bimaze gutangira imirimo y’ubuziranenge, ariko hari byinshi bivuguruzanya n’ibibazo bitewe no kutagira ubufatanye muri bo.Kugira ngo turusheho kunoza imikorere, amagana ya societe yubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga, amashyirahamwe n’amatsinda bose bemeza ko ari ngombwa gushyiraho umuryango wihariye w’ubuziranenge no gushyiraho amahame rusange ahuriweho.
API: API ni impfunyapfunyo y'Ikigo cya peteroli cya Amerika.API yashinzwe mu 1919, ishyirahamwe ryambere ryubucuruzi ryigihugu muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika kandi nimwe mubyumba byubucuruzi byambere kandi byatsindiye amahame yubucuruzi ku isi.
Inshingano ziyubashye ASTM igira uruhare runini mugutezimbere ibipimo biranga n'imikorere y'ibikoresho, ibicuruzwa, sisitemu na serivisi, no gukwirakwiza ubumenyi bujyanye.Ibipimo bya ASTM byateguwe na komite tekinike kandi byateguwe nitsinda risanzwe ryakazi.Nubwo ibipimo bya ASTM aribipimo byashyizweho nitsinda ryamasomo atemewe. Kugeza ubu, ibipimo bya ASTM bigabanyijemo ibyiciro 15 (Ibice) kandi bitangazwa mububumbe (Umubumbe).Ibyiciro bisanzwe hamwe nubunini nibi bikurikira: Ibyiciro:
(1) Ibicuruzwa
(2) Ibyuma bidafite fer
(3) Uburyo bwo gupima nuburyo bwo gusesengura ibikoresho byuma
(4) Ibikoresho byo kubaka
(5) Ibikomoka kuri peteroli, amavuta n'ibicanwa
(6) Irangi, ibifuniko bifitanye isano hamwe nibintu bya aromatic
(7) Imyenda n'ibikoresho
(8) plastike
(9) Rubber
(10) Imashini itanga amashanyarazi n'ibicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki
(11) Amazi n'ikoranabuhanga ry'ibidukikije
(12) Ingufu za kirimbuzi, ingufu z'izuba
(13) Ibikoresho byubuvuzi na serivisi
(14) Ibikoresho nuburyo rusange bwo gukora ibizamini
(15) Ibicuruzwa rusange byinganda, imiti idasanzwe nibikoresho bikoreshwa
ANSI: Ikigo cy’igihugu cy’ubuziranenge cy’Abanyamerika ni itsinda ridaharanira inyungu ry’imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta.Ariko mubyukuri byahindutse ikigo ngenderwaho cyigihugu;
ANSI ubwayo ni gake itezimbere ibipimo.Gutegura ibipimo byayo bya ANSI ahanini bikoresha uburyo butatu bukurikira:
1. Ibice bireba bishinzwe gutegura, gutumira impuguke cyangwa amatsinda yabigize umwuga gutora, no gutanga ibisubizo mu nama isanzwe isubirwamo yashyizweho na ANSI kugirango isuzumwe kandi iyemeze.Ubu buryo bwitwa gutora.
2. Abahagarariye komite tekinike na komite za ANSI zateguwe nindi miryango bategura imishinga isanzwe, batorwa nabagize komite bose, amaherezo basuzumwa kandi bemezwa na komite isanzwe isuzuma.Ubu buryo bwitwa uburyo bwa komite.
3. Duhereye ku bipimo byashyizweho n’imiryango itandukanye y’umwuga n’amashyirahamwe yabigize umwuga, abakuze ugereranije kandi bafite akamaro kanini mu gihugu bazamurwa mu ntera y’igihugu (ANSI) nyuma yo gusuzumwa na komite tekinike ya ANSI bakitwa amahame ngenderwaho ya ANSI nimero y’ibyiciro, ariko icyarimwe, gumana umwimerere wumwuga usanzwe.
Ibyinshi mubipimo byikigo cyigihugu gishinzwe ubuziranenge muri Amerika biva mubipimo byumwuga.Ku rundi ruhande, amashyirahamwe n’amashyirahamwe atandukanye y’umwuga arashobora kandi gushyiraho ibipimo bimwe na bimwe by’ibicuruzwa bishingiye ku bipimo by’igihugu bihari.Birumvikana, urashobora kandi gushyiraho amahame yishyirahamwe ryanyu ntabwo ukurikije amahame yigihugu.Ibipimo bya ANSI kubushake.Amerika yemera ko amahame ateganijwe ashobora kugabanya inyungu ziyongera.Nyamara, ibipimo bitangwa n amategeko kandi byashyizweho ninzego za leta mubisanzwe ni itegeko.
ASME: Ahanini yagize uruhare mu iterambere rya siyanse n’ikoranabuhanga mu bijyanye n’ubuhanga bw’imashini n’ibindi bijyanye, gushishikariza ubushakashatsi bw’ibanze, guteza imbere kungurana ibitekerezo, guteza imbere ubufatanye n’andi masosiyete n’amashyirahamwe, gukora ibikorwa bisanzwe, no gushyiraho ibipimo ngenderwaho n’ibipimo ngenderwaho.Kuva yashingwa, ASME yayoboye iterambere ryibipimo byubukanishi, kandi imaze guteza imbere ibipimo birenga 600 kuva kurwego rwumwimerere kugeza ubu.Mu 1911, hashyizweho komite nyobozi y’imashini ya Boiler, kandi Amabwiriza y’imashini yatangajwe kuva mu 1914 kugeza mu wa 1915. Nyuma, ayo mabwiriza yahujwe n’amategeko y’ibihugu bitandukanye na Kanada.ASME yahindutse ikigo cyubwubatsi kwisi yose cyane cyane mubijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga, uburezi n'ubushakashatsi.
API: Numuryango usanzwe ushyirwaho na ANSI.Igenamiterere risanzwe rikurikiza guhuza ibikorwa bya ANSI hamwe niterambere ryiterambere.API nayo ifatanya kandi igatangaza ibipimo hamwe na ASTM.Ibipimo bya API bikoreshwa cyane, ntabwo byemewe gusa ninganda zo mubushinwa, ahubwo binakoreshwa namategeko ya leta na leta muri Amerika.Amabwiriza n'inzego za leta nk'ishami rishinzwe gutwara abantu n'ibintu, ishami ry’ingabo, umutekano w’akazi n’ubuyobozi bw’ubuzima, gasutamo y’Amerika, Ikigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije, Ikigo cy’Amerika gishinzwe ubushakashatsi ku bidukikije, n’ibindi, kandi bikoreshwa ku isi hose na ISO, Umuryango mpuzamahanga ushinzwe ubuzimagatozi n’ibindi ibipimo 100 byigihugu byavuzwe.API. , gasutamo ya Amerika, Ikigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije, hamwe n’ubushakashatsi bw’Amerika muri Jewoloji.Kandi byavuzwe na ISO, Umuryango mpuzamahanga ushinzwe amategeko yemewe n’ibipimo birenga 100 ku isi.
Itandukaniro no Guhuza ：Ibipimo bine byuzuzanya kandi bigira kuri buriwese.Kurugero, ibipimo byemejwe na ASME mubijyanye nibikoresho byose biva muri ASTM, ibipimo kuri valve ahanini bivuga API, naho ibipimo byimyanda biva muri ANSI.Itandukaniro riri mubyerekezo bitandukanye byinganda, bityo ibipimo byemewe biratandukanye.API, ASTM, na ASME bose ni abanyamuryango ba ANSI.Ibyinshi mubipimo byikigo cyigihugu gishinzwe ubuziranenge muri Amerika biva mubipimo byumwuga.Ku rundi ruhande, amashyirahamwe n’amashyirahamwe atandukanye y’umwuga arashobora kandi gushyiraho ibipimo bimwe na bimwe by’ibicuruzwa bishingiye ku bipimo by’igihugu bihari.Birumvikana, urashobora kandi gushyiraho amahame yishyirahamwe ryanyu ntabwo ukurikije amahame yigihugu.ASME ntabwo ikora umurimo wihariye, kandi hafi yubushakashatsi hamwe nakazi ko gukora byarangiye na ANSI na ASTM.ASME izi gusa ibisobanuro kugirango ikoreshwe ubwayo, bityo bikunze kugaragara ko imibare isanzwe isubirwamo mubyukuri ibintu bimwe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-27-2023