Ibyuma by'imiyoboro ni ubwoko bw'ibyuma bikoreshwa mu gukora sisitemu yo gutwara imiyoboro ya peteroli na gaze.Nkigikoresho kirekire cyo gutwara peteroli na gaze gasanzwe, sisitemu y'imiyoboro ifite ibyiza byubukungu, umutekano kandi bidahagarara.
Gukoresha ibyuma
IcyumaIfishi y'ibicuruzwa irimo imiyoboro y'icyuma idafite ubudodo hamwe n'imiyoboro y'icyuma isudira, ishobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bitatu: alpine, uduce twinshi twa sulfuru hamwe no gushyira ku nyanja.Iyi miyoboro ifite ibidukikije bikora cyane ifite imirongo miremire kandi ntibyoroshye kuyitaho, kandi ifite ibisabwa byujuje ubuziranenge. .
Ibibazo byinshi byugarije ibyuma byuyoboro birimo: igice kinini cya peteroli na gaze giherereye mu turere twa polar, amabati, ubutayu, n’inyanja, kandi imiterere karemano irakomeye;cyangwa murwego rwo kunoza imikorere yubwikorezi, diameter yumuyoboro uhora waguka, kandi umuvuduko wo gutanga uhora wiyongera.
Umuyoboro wibyuma
Duhereye ku isuzuma ryuzuye ryerekana iterambere ryiterambere rya peteroli na gaze, uburyo bwo gushyiraho imiyoboro, uburyo nyamukuru bwo gutsindwa nimpamvu zananiranye, ibyuma byumuyoboro bigomba kuba bifite imashini nziza (urukuta runini, imbaraga nyinshi, ubukana bwinshi, kwihanganira kwambara), kandi bigomba no kugira diameter nini, Igomba kandi kugira diameter nini, gusudira, ubukonje nubushyuhe buke, kurwanya ruswa (CO2), kurwanya amazi yinyanja na HIC, imikorere ya SSCC, nibindi.
Imbaraga nyinshi
Ibyuma bitwara imiyoboro ntibisaba gusa imbaraga zingana kandi bitanga umusaruro, ariko kandi bisaba ko igipimo cy'umusaruro kiba kiri hagati ya 0,85 ~ 0.93.
Impinduka zikomeye
ingaruka zikomeye gukomera zirashobora kuzuza ibisabwa kugirango wirinde gucika.
③Gabanya ubushyuhe bwimyanya yubushyuhe
Uturere dukabije n’imiterere y’ikirere bisaba ibyuma byo mu miyoboro kugira ubushyuhe buke bw’imyuka ihindagurika. Agace kogosha ka DWTT (Drop Weight Tear Test) kahindutse igipimo nyamukuru cyo kugenzura gukumira imiyoboro idahwitse. Ibisobanuro rusange bisaba ko agace kavunitse kerekana urugero ni ≥85% mubushyuhe buke bwo gukora.
Resistance Kurwanya cyane hydrogène iterwa no guturika (HIC) hamwe na sulfide ihangayikishije ruswa (SSCC)
Performance Imikorere myiza yo gusudira
Gusudira neza kwicyuma ningirakamaro cyane kugirango uburinganire n'ubwuzuzanye bwiza.
Umuyoboro w'icyuma
Kugeza ubu, amahame yingenzi ya tekiniki ya peteroli na gaze yohereza imiyoboro ikoreshwa mugihugu cyanjye harimoAPI 5L, DNV-OS-F101, ISO 3183, na GB / T 9711, nibindi. Muri rusange ibintu bimeze nkibi bikurikira:
① API 5L (umurongo uhuza imiyoboro) ni ibisobanuro byemewe byashyizweho n'ikigo cya peteroli cya Maine.
② DNV-OS-F101 (sisitemu yo mu mazi yo mu mazi) ni ibisobanuro byateguwe na Det Norske Veritas ku miyoboro yo mu mazi.
③ ISO 3183 ni igipimo cyashyizweho n’umuryango mpuzamahanga ushinzwe ubuziranenge ku bijyanye n’itangwa ry’imiyoboro y’ibyuma byohereza peteroli na gaze.Ibipimo ngenderwaho ntabwo bikubiyemo gushushanya no gushiraho.
Verisiyo yanyuma ya GB / T 9711 ni verisiyo ya 2017.Iyi verisiyo ishingiye kuri ISO 3183: 2012 na API Spec 5L 45th Edition.Bishingiye kuri byombi. Ukurikije ibipimo bibiri byavuzwe, urwego rwibicuruzwa bibiri rwerekanwe: PSL1 na PSL2.PSL1 itanga urwego rusanzwe rwiza rwumurongo wumurongo;2017
API SPEC 5L na ISO 3183 nibisobanuro byumurongo mpuzamahanga.Ibinyuranye, amasosiyete menshi ya peteroli kwisi amenyereye kuyakiraAPI SPEC 5L ibisobanuro nkibisobanuro byibanze kumasoko yicyuma.
Tegeka amakuru
Amasezerano yo gutumiza ibyuma bigomba kuba bikubiyemo amakuru akurikira:
Ubwinshi (ubwinshi cyangwa ubwinshi bwimiyoboro yicyuma);
Level Urwego rusanzwe (PSL1 cyangwa PSL2);
③Umuyoboro w'icyumaubwoko (nta kashe cyangwaumuyoboro, uburyo bwihariye bwo gusudira, ubwoko bwumuyoboro wanyuma);
④ Bishingiye ku bipimo, nka GB / T 9711-2017;
Grade icyiciro cy'icyuma;
DiameterUmurambararo wo hanze n'ubugari bw'urukuta;
⑦Uburebure n'uburebure (kutagabanywa cyangwa gukata);
Menya ibikenewe gukoresha umugereka.
Impamyabumenyi y'icyuma n'amanota y'icyuma (GB / T 9711-2017)
| Urwego rusanzwe | icyiciro cy'icyuma | urwego rw'icyuma |
| PSL1 | L175 | A25 |
| L175P | A25P | |
| L210 | A. | |
| L245 | B. | |
| L290 | X42 | |
| L320 | X46 | |
| L360 | X52 | |
| L390 | X56 | |
| L415 | X60 | |
| L450 | X65 | |
| L485 | X70 | |
| PSL2 | L245R | BR |
| L290R | X42R | |
| L245N | BN | |
| L290N | X42N | |
| L320N | X46N | |
| L360N | X52N | |
| L390N | X56N | |
| L415N | X60N | |
| L245Q | BQ | |
| L290Q | X42Q | |
| L320Q | X46Q | |
| L360Q | X52Q | |
| L390Q | X56Q | |
| L415Q | X60Q | |
| L450Q | X65Q | |
| L485Q | X70Q | |
| L555Q | X80Q | |
| L625Q | X90Q | |
| L690Q | X100M | |
| L245M | BM | |
| L290M | X42M | |
| L320M | X46M | |
| L360M | X52M | |
| L390M | X56M | |
| L415M | X60M | |
| L450M | X65M | |
| L485M | X70M | |
| L555M | X80M | |
| L625M | X90M | |
| L690M | X100M | |
| L830M | X120M |
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-30-2023