Simbi yekuvakachinhu chekuvaka chakajairwa chakagadzirwa kubva kune mamwe mamakisi esimbi uye chinouya mumhando yeindasitiri yakajairwa muchinjiko-chikamu maumbirwo (kana "maprofile").Structural simbi mamakisi anogadzirwa neakananga makemikari kuumbwa uye michina zvivakwa zvakagadzirirwa chaiwo maapplication.
MuEurope, simbi yezvimiro inofanira kuenderana neEuropean standardEN 10025, iyo inotungamirirwa neEuropean Committee for Iron and Steel Standardization (ECISS), boka duku reEuropean Committee for Standardization (CEN).
Kune mienzaniso yakawanda yeEuropean structural simbi mamakisi, akadai S195, S235, S275, S355, S420 uye S460.Muchinyorwa chino, isu tichatarisa nezve kuumbwa kwemakemikari, michina zvivakwa uye mashandisirwo eS235, S275 uye S355, matatu akajairwa simbi mamakisi anoshandiswa mumapurojekiti akasiyana ekuvaka muEuropean Union.
Zvinoenderana neiyo Eurocode classification, zviumbwa zvesimbi zvinofanirwa kusarudzwa nezviratidzo zvakajairwa zvinosanganisira asi zvisingagumire kuS, 235, J2, K2, C, Z, W, JR uye JO, uko:
Zvichienderana nemaitiro ekugadzira, kuumbwa kwemakemikari, uye kushandiswa kwakabatana, mamwe mabhii uye zvikamu zvinogona kushandiswa kuona yakasarudzika simbi giredhi kana chigadzirwa.
Kusarudzwa kweEU hakusi chiyero chepasi rose, saka akawanda akakodzera mamakisi ane makemikari akafanana uye michina zvivakwa anogona kushandiswa kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzepasi.Semuenzaniso, simbi yezvimiro inogadzirwa kumusika weUS inofanirwa kuzadzisa zvinodiwa neAmerican Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).Makodhi epasi rose anotanga na "A" achiteverwa nekirasi yakakodzera, senge A36 kanaA53.
Munyika zhinji, simbi yezvimiro inodzorwa uye inofanirwa kuzadzisa zvimiro zvakati wandei zvechimiro, saizi, chimiro chemakemikari uye simba.
Iko kemikari yekugadzirwa kwesimbi yakakosha zvakanyanya uye inodzorwa zvakanyanya.Ichi ndicho chinhu chikuru chinotarisa maitiro emagetsi esimbi.Mune tafura iri pazasi iwe unogona kuona huwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwezvimwe zvinogadziriswa zvinhu zviripo muEuropean structural simbi mamakisi S235,S275uye s355.
Iko kemikari yekugadzirwa kwesimbi yakakosha zvakanyanya uye yakanyatso kudzorwa.Icho chinhu chakakosha chinotarisa maitiro emagetsi esimbi.Mune tafura iri pasi apa unogona kuona huwandu hwepamusoro hwezvimwe zvinhu zvakadzorwa muEuropean structural simbi mamakisi S235, S275 uye S355.
Iyo kemikari yekugadzirwa kwesimbi yakakosha kune mainjiniya uye inosiyana kubva giredhi kuenda kune giredhi zvichienderana nekushandiswa kwayo.Semuyenzaniso, S355K2W isimbi yakaomeswa yesimbi, inonzi K2, ine kemikari yakagadzirirwa kupikisa kwemamiriro ekunze epamusoro - W. Naizvozvo, kemikari yegiredhi resimbi iyi inosiyana zvishoma kubva pachiyero.S355 giredhi.
Iyo mechanic properties yesimbi yekugadzira inoisa pasi pekugadzika kwayo uye kushandiswa.Kunyange zvazvo chimiro chemakemikari ndicho chinhu chikuru chinotarisa maitiro emagetsi esimbi, zvakakoshawo kuziva zvishoma zvishoma zvekugadzirisa zvinhu kana kushanda, zvakadai sekusimba kwegoho uye kusimba kwesimba, sezvinotsanangurwa zvakadzama pasi apa.
Structural simbi goho simba anoyera shoma simba rinodiwa kugadzira zvachose deformation musimbi.Gungano rezita rinoshandiswa muEuropean standard EN10025 rinoreva kushomeka kwegoho regiredhi resimbi rakaedzwa pa16 mm ukobvu.
Kusimba kwekusimba kwesimbi yekuvaka kune hukama nenzvimbo iyo deformation yekusingaperi inoitika kana zvinhu zvakatambanudzwa kana kutambanudzwa zvakachinjika nekureba kwayo.
Simbi yekugadzira inouya mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana, asi inowanzotengeswa yakafanorongedzerwa kuita yakanangana-chikamu chimiro chakagadzirirwa imwe application.Semuyenzaniso, simbi yezvimiro inotengeswa seI-matanda, Z-matanda, mabhokisi emadziro, mhango structural zvikamu (HSS), L-matanda, uye simbi ndiro zvakajairika.
Zvichienderana nechikumbiro chaanoda, injiniya inotsanangura giredhi resimbi-kazhinji kusangana nesimba shoma, uremu hukuru, uye zvinobvira mamiriro ekunze-pamwe chete nechikamu chechimiro-zvichienderana nenzvimbo inodiwa uye mitoro inotarisirwa kana mitoro.basa rinofanira kuitwa.
Simbi yekugadzira ine zvakawanda zvekushandisa, uye mashandisirwo ayo akasiyana.Ivo vanonyanya kubatsira sezvo vachipa yakasarudzika musanganiswa wezvakanaka weldability uye kusimbiswa kwesimba.Simbi yekugadzira chinhu chinochinjika zvakanyanya chinowanzo kufarirwa nevainjiniya vanotarisa kuwedzera simba kana S-akaita zvimiro asi vachideredza huremu hwavo.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-13-2023