ASTM: American Society for Testing and Materials ANSI: American National Standards Institute ASME: American Society of Mechanical Engineers API: American Petroleum Institute 
ASTM: IAmerican Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) yaimbova International Association for Testing Materials (IATM).Mumakore ekuma1880, kuti vagadzirise mafungiro uye mutsauko pakati pevatengi nevatengesi vari mukutenga nekutengesa zvinhu zvemaindasitiri, vamwe vanhu vakaronga kumisa komiti yehunyanzvi, uye komiti yehunyanzvi yakaronga vamiriri kubva kumativi ese kuti vatore chikamu mune zvehunyanzvi symposiums. kukurukura uye kugadzirisa zvinoenderana nezvinhu zvakatemwa., maitiro ebvunzo uye dzimwe nyaya dzine gakava.Musangano wekutanga weIATM wakaitwa muEurope muna 1882, pakaumbwa komiti inoshanda.
ASME: The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) yakagadzwa muna 1880. Nhasi yava sangano repasi rose risina purogiramu yezvidzidzo uye unyanzvi ine nhengo dzinopfuura 125,000 pasi rose.Nekuda kwekukura kwekudyidzana kwenzvimbo yeinjiniya, zvinyorwa zveASME zvinopawo ruzivo rwekucheka-kumucheto matekinoroji pazvidzidzo zvese.Zvidzidzo zvakafukidzwa zvinosanganisira: basic engineering, kugadzira, system dhizaini, nezvimwe.
ANSI: American National Standards Institute yakavambwa muna 1918. Panguva iyoyo, makambani mazhinji uye mapoka ehunyanzvi ehunyanzvi muUnited States akange atotanga basa rekuenzanisa, asi pakanga paine kupesana kwakawanda nematambudziko nekuda kwekushaikwa kwekubatana pakati pavo.Kuti uenderere mberi nekunatsiridza mashandiro, mazana esainzi uye tekinoroji nzanga, masangano nemapoka ese anotenda kuti zvakafanira kumisa yakasarudzika yekumisikidza sangano uye kugadzira yakabatana general standard.
API: API ndiyo chidimbu cheAmerican Petroleum Institute.Yakavambwa muna 1919, API ndiyo yekutanga bhizinesi renyika mubatanidzwa muUnited States uye imwe yepakutanga uye yakabudirira kwazvo-yekuseta makamuri ekutengeserana munyika.
Basa rakateerana ASTM inonyanya kuita mukuvandudza zviyero zvehunhu uye kuita kwezvinhu, zvigadzirwa, masisitimu nemasevhisi, uye kuparadzira ruzivo rwakabatana.Miyero yeASTM inogadzirwa nemakomiti ehunyanzvi uye inonyorwa nemapoka anoshanda akajairwa.Kunyangwe zviyero zveASTM zviri zviyero zvinogadzirwa nemapoka ezvidzidzo zvisiri pamutemo.Parizvino, zviyero zveASTM zvakakamurwa kuita zvikamu gumi neshanu (Zvikamu) uye zvakadhindwa mumavhoriyamu (Vhoriyamu).Iyo yakajairwa kupatsanurwa uye mavhoriyamu ndeaya anotevera: Classification:
(1) Zvigadzirwa zvesimbi
(2) Masimbi asina-ferrous
(3) Nzira dzekuyedza uye nzira dzekuongorora dzesimbi zvinhu
(4) Zvinhu zvokuvaka
(5) Petroleum zvigadzirwa, lubricant uye mineral fuels
(6) Pendi, machira ane hukama uye zvinonhuhwirira zvinosanganiswa
(7) Micheka uye zvinhu
(8) plastiki
(9) Rubber
(10) Magetsi insulators uye zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi
(11) Mvura uye Environmental Technology
(12) Simba renyukireya, simba rezuva
(13) Zvishandiso zvekurapa uye masevhisi
(14) Zviridzwa uye zvakajairika nzira dzekuyedza
(15) General maindasitiri zvigadzirwa, akakosha makemikari uye zvinodyiwa zvinhu
ANSI: IAmerican National Standards Institute iboka risiri rehurumende rinomisa purofiti.Asi yatova muzinda wekumisikidza nyika;
ANSI pachayo haiwanzo gadzira zviyero.Kugadzirira kweiyo ANSI chiyero kunonyanya kutora nzira nhatu dzinotevera:
1. Mauto akakodzera ane basa rekunyora, kukoka nyanzvi kana mapoka enyanzvi kuti avhote, uye ape zvigumisiro kumusangano wekuongorora wakagadzika wakagadzwa neANSI kuti uongorore uye ubvumirwe.Iyi nzira inonzi polling.
2. Vamiririri veANSI technical committees nemakomiti akarongwa nemamwe masangano anonyora dhizaini dhizaini, akavhoterwa nenhengo dzese dzekomiti, uye pakupedzisira akaongororwa nekubvumidzwa neyakajairwa ongororo komiti.Iyi nzira inonzi nzira yekomiti.
3. Kubva pazviyero zvakaumbwa nemasangano akasiyana-siyana enyanzvi nemasangano, ayo anenge akura uye ane kukosha kukuru kunyika anosimudzirwa kumitemo yenyika (ANSI) mushure mekuongororwa neANSI technical committees uye akatumidzwa seANSI standard codes uye classification nhamba, asi panguva imwechete chengetedza iyo yekutanga nyanzvi chiyero kodhi.
Mazhinji emayero eAmerican National Standards Institute anobva kuhunyanzvi zviyero.Nekune rimwe divi, masangano akasiyana siyana ehunyanzvi uye masangano anogona zvakare kugadzira mamwe mazinga echigadzirwa zvichibva pane iripo yenyika zviyero.Ehe, iwe unogona zvakare kugadzira yako wega miitiro yemubatanidzwa kwete zvinoenderana nenyika.ANSI zviyero ndezvekuzvidira.IUnited States inotenda kuti zviyero zvinosungirwa zvinogona kudzikisira kuwanikwa kwekubudirira.Nekudaro, zviyero zvinodudzwa nemitemo uye zvakagadzirirwa nemadhipatimendi ehurumende kazhinji zviyero zvinosungirwa.
ASME: Inonyanya kuita basa rekusimudzira sainzi uye tekinoroji muinjiniya yemechani uye minda ine hukama, ichikurudzira tsvakiridzo yekutanga, kusimudzira shanduko dzedzidzo, kusimudzira kushandira pamwe nehumwe huinjiniya nemasangano, kuita mabasa ekumisikidza, nekugadzira mashandiro emuchina uye zviyero.Kubva payakavambwa, ASME yakatungamira kuvandudzwa kwemakanika zviyero, uye yakagadzira zvinopfuura mazana matanhatu zviyero kubva kune yekutanga tambo standard kusvika parizvino.Muna 1911, Boiler Machinery Directive Committee yakatangwa, uye Machinery Directive yakaziviswa kubva muna 1914 kusvika 1915. Gare gare, murayiro wacho wakabatanidzwa nemitemo yenyika dzakasiyana-siyana neCanada.ASME yave yepasirese engineering institution kunyanya muminda yetekinoroji, dzidzo uye ongororo.
API: Iri isangano rakajairwa rekuisa rinozivikanwa neANSI.Kurongeka kwayo kunotevera kurongeka kweANSI uye nzira dzekusimudzira.API zvakare inovandudza pamwe chete uye inoburitsa zviyero neASTM.API zviyero zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya, kwete chete kugamuchirwa nemabhizinesi muChina, asiwo nemitemo yemubatanidzwa neyenyika muUnited States.Mitemo uye masangano ehurumende akadai seDhipatimendi Rekutakura, Dhipatimendi reDziviriro, Occupational Safety uye Health Administration, US Customs, Environmental Protection Agency, US Geological Survey, nezvimwewo, uye inoshandiswawo pasi rose neISO, International Organization for Legal Metrology nezvimwe. kupfuura 100 yenyika mitemo yakataurwa.API: Mayero anoshandiswa zvakanyanya, kwete chete kutorwa nemabhizinesi muChina, asi zvakare yakataurwa neUS federal uye nyika mitemo nemirairo, pamwe nemasangano ehurumende akadai seDhipatimendi rekutakura, Dhipatimendi reDziviriro, Occupational Safety uye Health Administration. , US Customs, Environmental Protection Agency, uye US Geological Survey.Uye zvakare inotorwa neISO, International Organisation of Legal Metrology uye anopfuura zana enyika zviyero pasi rese.
Kusiyana uye Kubatana:Zviyero zvina izvi zvinopindirana uye kudzidza kubva kune mumwe nemumwe.Semuenzaniso, zviyero zvakatorwa neASME maererano nemidziyo zvese zvinobva kuASTM, zviyero pamavharuvhu zvakanyanya kureva API, uye zviyero zvepombi fittings zvinobva kuANSI.Musiyano uri mukutarisisa kwakasiyana kweindasitiri, saka zviyero zvakagamuchirwa zvakasiyana.API, ASTM, uye ASME ese inhengo dzeANSI.Mazhinji emayero eAmerican National Standards Institute anobva kuhunyanzvi zviyero.Nekune rimwe divi, masangano akasiyana siyana ehunyanzvi uye masangano anogona zvakare kugadzira mamwe mazinga echigadzirwa zvichibva pane iripo yenyika zviyero.Ehe, iwe unogona zvakare kugadzira yako wega miitiro yemubatanidzwa kwete zvinoenderana nenyika.ASME haiite basa chairo, uye dzinenge dzese kuyedza uye basa rekugadzira rinopedzwa ne ANSI neASTM.ASME inongoziva zvakatemwa zvekushandisa kwayo, saka zvinowanzoonekwa kuti inodzokororwa manhamba akajairwa ndizvo chaizvo zvakafanana.
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-27-2023