Tuubooyinka birta ee ASTM A214 waa tuubo bir kaarboon ah oo koronto-iska caabin ah oo loo isticmaalo beddelayaasha kulaylka, qaboojiyeyaasha, iyo qalabka kulaylka la midka ah.Waxaa sida caadiga ah lagu dabaqaa tuubooyinka birta oo leh dhexroor dibadda ah oo aan ka badnayn 3in [76.2mm].
Caadi ahaan cabbirrada tuubooyinka birta ee lagu dabaqi karo waaaan ka badnayn 3in [76.2mm].
Cabbirrada kale ee tuubbada birta ee ERW waa la goyn karaa, waase haddii tuubadani ay buuxiso dhammaan shuruudaha kale ee qeexitaankan.
Alaabta lagu diyaariyay sifayntan waa in ay waafaqaan shuruudaha lagu dabaqi karo daabacaadda hadda jirta ee Specification A450/A450M.haddii aan si kale halkan loogu sheegin.
Tuubooyinka waa in la sameeyaaalxanka iska caabinta korontada (ERW).
Iyada oo qiimaha wax-soo-saarka hooseeya, saxnaanta cabbirka sare, xoogga aad u fiican iyo cimri dhererka, iyo dabacsanaanta naqshadeynta, tuubada birta ee ERW waxay noqotay walxaha la doorbido ee nidaamyada tuubbooyinka warshadaha ee ballaaran, injineernimada qaab dhismeedka, iyo mashaariicda kaabayaasha kala duwan.
Alxanka ka dib, dhammaan tuubooyinka waa in lagu daaweeyaa kulayl heerkul ah 1650°F [900°] ama ka sareeya oo ay ku xigto qaboojinta hawada ama qolka qaboojinta ee foornada jawiga la xakameeyey.
Tuubooyinka qabowgu jiido waa in lagu daaweeyaa kulaylka ka dib baaska qaboobaha ee u dambeeya heerkulka 1200°F [650°C] ama ka sareeya.
| C(Kaarboon) | Mn(Manganese) | P(Phosphorus) | S(Sulfur) |
| ugu badnaan 0.18% | 0.27-0.63 | ugu badnaan 0.035% | ugu badnaan 0.035% |
Ma bannaana in la keeno darajooyinka birta daawaha ah ee si gaar ah ugu baaqaya in lagu daro shay kasta oo aan ahayn kuwa liiska ku jira.
Shuruudaha makaanikada laguma dabaqo tuubooyinka dhexroorkoodu ka yar yahay 0.126 [3.2 mm] ama dhumuc ka yar 0.015 gudaha [0.4 mm].
Hanti Jilicsan
Ma jiraan shuruudo gaar ah oo loogu talagalay guryaha xajinta ee ASTM A214.
Tani waa sababta oo ah ASTM A214 waxaa ugu horreyn loo isticmaalaa kuleyliyeyaasha iyo qaboojiyaha.Naqshadeynta iyo hawlgalka qalabkani caadi ahaan cadaadis sare ma saarayaan tuubooyinka.Taas bedelkeeda, fiiro gaar ah ayaa la siiyaa awoodda tuubada u adkeysan karto cadaadiska, sifooyinkeeda wareejinta kulaylka, iyo iska caabbinta daxalka.
Tijaabada fidsan
Tuubooyinka alxanka ah, dhererka qaybta tijaabada ee loo baahan yahay kama yaraan 4 inji (100 mm).
Tijaabada waxa loo sameeyay laba tilaabo:
Talaabada ugu horeysa waa tijaabada ductility, gudaha ama dibadda dushiisa ee tuubada birta, waa in aanay dillaacin ama dillaacin ilaa masaafada u dhaxaysa taarikada ay ka yar tahay qiimaha H oo lagu xisaabiyo habkan soo socda.
H=(1+e)t/(e+t/D)
H= masaafada u dhaxaysa taarikada fidsan, gudaha. [mm],
t= dhumucda gidaarka ee la cayimay ee tuubada, gudaha.[mm],
D= dhexroor ka baxsan tuubada oo cayiman, gudaha. [mm],
e= 0.09 (qalafsanaan halbeeg kasta)
Talaabada labaad waa tijaabada daacadnimada, kaas oo ku sii socon doona in uu sii simo ilaa muunada ka go'do ama gidaarada tuubooyinka ay kulmaan.Inta lagu guda jiro baaritaanka fidsanaanta, haddii la helo wax dahaadhay ama aan dhawaaq lahayn, ama haddii alxanku aanu dhammaystirnayn, waa la diidi doonaa.
Tijaabada Flange
Qayb ka mid ah tuubooyinka waa in ay awood u leedahay in lagu soo leexiyo meel xagal qumman u ah jidhka tuubada iyada oo aan dillaacin ama cillado la diidi karo marka loo eego qodobbada qeexitaanka alaabta.
Ballaca flange ee kaarboonka iyo birta daawaha waa in aanu ka yarayn boqolleyda.
| Dhexroor ka baxsan | Ballaca Flange |
| Ilaa 2½in[63.5mm], oo ay ku jiraan | 15% ee OD |
| In ka badan 2½ ilaa 3¾ [63.5 ilaa 95.2], oo ay ku jiraan | 12.5% ee OD |
| In ka badan 3¾ ilaa 8 [95.2 ilaa 203.2], oo ay ku jiraan | 15% ee OD |
Tijaabada Falaaxinta Gadaal
Dhererka 5 inji [100 mm] ee tuubooyinka alxanka ah ee dhammaatay ee cabbirkoodu hooseeyo oo ay ku jiraan ½ inch alxanka meesha ugu badan ee foorarsiga.
Ma jiraan wax caddaynaya dildilaaca la'aanta dhexgalka ama isdhaafsiga ka dhasha biligleynta alxanka.
Imtixaan Adag
Adkeega tuubada waa inuusan dhaafin72 HRBW.
Tuubooyinka 0.200 in [5.1 mm] iyo in ka badan oo dhumucdiisuna tahay gidaarka, waa in la isticmaalo tijaabada adag ee Brinell ama Rockwell.
Baaritaanka korantada ee Hydrostatic ama aan burburin ayaa lagu sameeyaa tuubo kasta oo bir ah.
Baaritaanka Hydrostatic
Theqiimaha cadaadiska ugu badanwaa in lagu hayaa ugu yaraan 5s iyada oo aan la daadan.
Cadaadiska tijaabada hydrostatic ugu yar wuxuu la xidhiidha dhexroorka dibadda iyo dhumucda gidaarka ee tuubada.Waxaa lagu xisaabin karaa qaacidada.
Cutubyada Inj-Pound: P = 32000 t/DorUnugyada SI: P = 220.6 t/D
P= cadaadiska tijaabada hydrostatic, psi ama MPa,
t= dhumucdiisuna waxay cayiman tahay, gudaha ama mm,
D= dhexroor ka baxsan oo cayiman, gudaha ama mm.
Cadaadiska tijaabada ugu badan, si loo fuliyo shuruudaha hoose.
| Dhexroorka Tube ka baxsan | Cadaadiska Imtixaanka Hydrostatic, psi [MPa] | |
| OD 1 in | OD 25.4 mm | 1000 [7] |
| 1≤ OD＜1½ in | 25.4≤ OD ＜38.1 mm | 1500 [10] |
| 1½≤ OD 2 in | 38.≤ OD ＜50.8 mm | 2000 [14] |
| 2≤ OD＜3 in | 50.8≤ OD ＜76.2 mm | 2500 [17] |
| 3≤ OD＜5 in | 76.2≤ OD＜127 mm | 3500 [24] |
| OD≥5 in | OD ≥127 mm | 4500 [31] |
Tijaabada Korontada Aan Burbursanayn
Tuubo kasta waa in lagu baaro habab tijaabo ah oo aan burburin iyadoo la raacayo Tilmaamaha E213, Faahfaahinta E309 (qalabka ferromagnetic), Faahfaahinta E426 (qalabka aan magnetic), ama Faahfaahin E570.
Xogta soo socota ayaa laga soo qaatay ASTM A450 waxayna buuxisay shuruudaha khuseeya ee tuubooyinka birta alxanka kaliya.
Weelnaanta Miisaanka
0 - + 10%, ma jiro leexasho hoose.
Culayska tuubada birta waxaa lagu xisaabin karaa caanaha.
W = C (Dt)t
W= miisaanka, Ib/ft [kg/m],
C= 10.69 ee Cutubyada inch [0.0246615 ee cutubyada SI],
D= dhexroor ka baxsan oo cayiman, gudaha. [mm],
t= dhumucda darbiga ugu yar ee la cayimay, gudaha. [mm].
Weelashada Dhumucda gidaarka
0 - + 18%.
Kala duwanaanshaha dhumucda gidaarka ee qayb kasta oo ka mid ah tuubada birta 0.220 ee [5.6 mm] iyo wixii ka sareeya waa inaanay ka badnaan ±5 % ee dhumucda dhabta ah ee gidaarka qaybtaas.
Celceliska dhumucdiisuna waxay tahay celceliska dhumucda derbiga ugu dhumucdiisuna waxay tahay qaybta.
Kala leexashada dhexroorka ka baxsan
| Dhexroor ka baxsan | Kala Duwanaanshaha La Ogolyahay | ||
| in | mm | in | mm |
| OD ≤1 | OD ≤ 25.4 | ±0.004 | ±0.1 |
| 1 OD ≤1½ | 25.4＜ OD≤38.4 | ±0.006 | ±0.15 |
| 1½＜ OD＜2 | 38.1＜ OD ＜50.8 | ±0.008 | ±0.2 |
| 2≤ OD＜2½ | 50.8≤ OD ＜63.5 | ±0.010 | ±0.25 |
| 2½≤ OD ＜3 | 63.5≤ OD ＜76.2 | ±0.012 | ±0.30 |
| 3≤ OD ≤4 | 76.2≤ OD ≤101.6 | ±0.015 | ±0.38 |
| 4＜ OD ≤7½ | 101.6＜ OD≤190.5 | -0.025 - +0.015 | -0.64 - +0.038 |
| 7½＜ OD ≤9 | 190.5＜ OD≤228.6 | -0.045 - +0.015 | -1.14 - +0.038 |
Duubyada la dhammeeyey waa inay ka xoroobaan miisaan.Qadar yar oo oksaydhism ah looma tixgelin doono miisaan ahaan.
Tuubo kasta waa in si cad loogu calaamadiyaamagaca ama sumadda soo saaraha, lambarka qeexida, iyo ERW.
Magaca soo saaraha ama calaamadda waxa laga yaabaa in si joogto ah loogu dhejiyo tuubo kasta iyada oo la rog-rogayo ama shaabad iftiin leh ka hor inta aan caadi laga dhigin.
Haddii hal shaambad gacanta lagu dhejiyo tuubada, calaamadani waa inaysan ka yarayn 8 inji [200 mm] laga bilaabo hal daraf ee tuubada.
U adkaysiga heerkulka sare iyo cadaadiska: Awoodda u adkeysiga heerkulka sare iyo cadaadiska waa hanti aad muhiim u ah hababka isweydaarsiga kulaylka.
Dhaqdhaqaaqa kulaylka wanaagsan: Qalabka iyo habka wax soo saarka ee tuubada birta ah waxay xaqiijisaa tayada kulaylka wanaagsan ee codsiyada u baahan isweydaarsiga kulaylka hufan.
WeldabilityFaa'iidada kale ayaa ah in si fiican loogu xidhi karo alxanka, samaynta rakibidda iyo dayactirka.
Inta badan loo isticmaalo kulaylka beddelayaasha, qaboojiyaha, iyo qalabka kulaylka ee la midka ah.
1. Kuleylleyda: Nidaamyada kala duwan ee warshadaha, kulaylka beddelayaasha ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu wareejiyo tamarta kulaylka hal dareere (dareere ama gaas) iyada oo aan loo oggolaan inay si toos ah ula xiriiraan.ASTM A214 tuubooyinka birta ah ayaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa qalabka noocan oo kale ah sababtoo ah waxay u adkeysan karaan heerkulka sare iyo cadaadiska ku dhici kara habka.
2. CondemersCondensers inta badan waxaa loo isticmaalaa ka saarida kulaylka ee hababka qaboojinta, tusaale ahaan qaboojiyaha iyo hababka qaboojinta, ama dib ugu soo celinta uumiga biyaha ee saldhigyada korontada.Waxaa loo isticmaalaa nidaamyadan sababtoo ah kuleylkooda wanaagsan ee kuleylka iyo xoogga farsamada.
3. Qalabka kulaylka beddelka: Noocan tuubada birta ah waxa kale oo loo isticmaalaa qalabka kale ee kulaylka lagu beddelo oo la mid ah kuwa kulaylka beddela iyo qaboojiyaha, sida uumiga iyo qaboojiyaha.
ASTM A179: waa bir qafiif ah oo kuleyl dhexdhexaad ah oo qabow-jiiday iyo tuubo kondenser ah.Caadi ahaan waxaa loo adeegsadaa codsiyada leh codsiyada la midka ah, sida kuwa kulaylka ku beddela iyo qaboojiyaha.Inkasta oo A179 ay tahay mid aan toos ahayn, waxay bixisaa guryaha kulaylka ee isku midka ah.
ASTM A178Dabool kaarboonka-alxanka caabbinta iyo tuubooyinka kuleyliyaha birta kaarboon-manganese.Tuubooyinkan waxaa loo isticmaalaa kuleyliyaha iyo kuleyliyaha sare, waxaana sidoo kale loo isticmaali karaa codsiyada kulaylka ee leh baahiyo la mid ah, gaar ahaan meelaha xubnaha alxanka ah looga baahan yahay.
ASTM A192: waxay dabooshaa tuubooyinka kuleyliyaha birta kaarboon ee aan kala go 'lahayn ee adeega cadaadiska sare.Iyadoo tubooyinkan loogu talagalay in loogu isticmaalo jawiga heerkulka sare iyo heerkulka sare, qalabkooda iyo hababka wax soo saarka ayaa ka dhigaya kuwo ku haboon isticmaalka qalabka kale ee wareejinta kulaylka ee u baahan cadaadis sare iyo heerkulka heerkulka.
Waxaan nahay soo saaraha tuubooyinka birta kaarboonka ah ee tayada sare leh iyo alaab-qeybiye ka yimid Shiinaha, iyo sidoo kale kaydiyaha birta birta ah, oo ku siinaya noocyo badan oo ah xalalka tuubooyinka birta!
Wixii su'aalo ah ama si aad wax badan uga ogaato wax-soo-saarkayada, ha ka waaban inaad nala soo xidhiidho.Xalalkaaga ugu fiican ee tuubada birta ayaa fariin uun kuu jira!
