Birta dhuumaha waa nooc ka mid ah birta loo isticmaalo in lagu soo saaro nidaamka gaadiidka dhuumaha saliidda iyo gaaska. Sida qalabka gaadiidka masaafo dheer ee saliidda iyo gaaska dabiiciga ah, nidaamka dhuumaha ayaa leh faa'iidooyinka dhaqaalaha, badbaadada iyo aan kala go' lahayn.
Codsiga birta tuubooyinka
Dhuumaha birtafoomamka wax soo saarka waxaa ka mid ah tuubooyinka birta ah oo aan kala go 'lahayn iyo tuubooyinka birta welded, kuwaas oo loo qaybin karaa saddex qaybood: alpine, meelaha baaruud sare iyo dhigidda badda. Tuubooyinkan leh jawi adag shaqada waxay leeyihiin khadadka dhaadheer oo aan sahlanayn in la ilaaliyo, oo waxay leeyihiin shuruudo tayo leh oo adag.
Caqabadaha badan ee ay la kulmaan birta dhuumaha waxaa ka mid ah: badiyaa saliida iyo gaaska waxay ku yaalaan gobollada polar, barafyada, saxaraha, iyo meelaha badweynta, xaaladaha dabiiciga ah waa kuwo aad u adag; ama si loo hagaajiyo waxtarka gaadiidka, dhexroorka dhuumaha si joogto ah ayaa loo kordhiyaa, cadaadiska gaarsiinta si joogto ah ayaa loo kordhiyaa.
Guryaha Biraha Dhuumaha
Laga soo bilaabo qiimeynta dhamaystiran ee isbeddelka horumarinta ee dhuumaha saliidda iyo gaaska, shuruudaha dhigista dhuumaha, hababka fashilka ugu weyn iyo sababaha fashilka, birta dhuumaha waa in ay lahaadaan guryaha farsamo wanaagsan (derbi qaro weyn, xoog sare, adkaanta sare, caabbinta xidho), iyo sidoo kale waa in ay leeyihiin dhexroor weyn, weldability, qabow iyo heerkulka hooseeya iska caabin ah, iska caabin daxalka (CO2), caabbinta biyaha badda iyo waxqabadka HIC, iwm.
①Awood sare
Birta tuubooyinka kaliya uma baahna xoogga xajinta sare iyo xoogga dhalidda, laakiin sidoo kale waxay u baahan tahay saamiga wax-soo-saarka inuu ku jiro inta u dhexeysa 0.85 ~ 0.93.
② adkaanta saamaynta sare
adkaanta saameynta sare waxay buuxin kartaa shuruudaha ka hortagga dildilaaca.
③ Heerkulka kala-guurka ductile-jabka yar
Gobollada adag iyo xaaladaha cimiladu waxay u baahan yihiin birta dhuumaha si ay u yeeshaan heerkul ku filan oo hooseeya ductile-jajabsan heerkulka kala-guurka. The xiirid ee DWTT (Drop Miisaanka Jeexitaanka Tijaabada) ayaa noqday index ugu weyn ee kantaroolka si looga hortago burburka jaban ee dhuumaha. The qeexitaanka guud wuxuu u baahan yahay in aagga xiiran ee shaybaarada in ay noqdaan ≥85% heerkulka ugu hooseeya ee hawlgalka.
④ Iska caabin heersare ah oo loo geysto dildilaaca hydrogen-ku-abuuray (HIC) iyo sulfide stress cracking crack (SSCC)
⑤ Waxqabadka alxanka wanaagsan
Alxanka wanaagsan ee birta ayaa aad muhiim u ah si loo hubiyo daacadnimada iyo tayada alxanka ee dhuumaha.
Heerarka Birta Dhuumaha
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, heerarka farsamo ee ugu muhiimsan ee saliidda iyo gaaska gudbinta tuubooyinka birta ee laga isticmaalo dalkayga waxaa ka mid ahAPI 5L, DNV-OS-F101, ISO 3183, iyo GB/T 9711, iwm. Xaaladda guud waa sida soo socota.
① API 5L (Qeexitaanka dhuumaha khadka) waa qeexid si weyn loo ansixiyay oo uu sameeyay Machadka Batroolka Maine.
② DNV-OS-F101 (nidaamka dhuumaha badda hoosteeda mara) waa qeexid si gaar ah ay u habeysay Det Norske Veritas ee dhuumaha badda hoosteeda mara.
③ ISO 3183 waa halbeeg ay dejisay Hay'adda Caalamiga ah ee Halbeega ee shuruudaha gaarsiinta tuubooyinka birta ee gudbinta saliidda iyo gaaska. Heerkani kuma lug laha naqshadaynta iyo rakibida dhuumaha.
④ Nooca ugu dambeeyay ee GB/T 9711 waa nooca 2017. Noocani wuxuu ku salaysan yahay ISO 3183: 2012 iyo API Spec 5L 45th Edition.oo ku salaysan labadaba. Iyadoo la raacayo labada heer ee la tixraacay, laba heer oo qeexid badeecada ayaa lagu qeexay: PSL1 iyo PSL2.PSL1 waxay bixisaa heerka tayada caadiga ah ee tuubada xariiqda; PSL2 waxa ay ku darsataa shuruudaha qasabka ah oo ay ku jiraan ka kooban kiimiko, adkeyd adag, sifooyinka xoogga iyo baaritaanka dheeriga ah ee aan burburin (NDT).
API SPEC 5L iyo ISO 3183 waa tilmaamo caalami ah oo saameyn ku leh tuubooyinka. Taas bedelkeeda, inta badan shirkadaha shidaalka ee adduunka ayaa caadaystay inay qaataanTilmaamaha API SPEC 5L oo ah qeexitaanka aasaasiga ah ee soo iibinta dhuumaha birta ee dhuumaha.
Dalbo macluumaadka
Qandaraaska dalabka ee birta dhuumaha waa in ay ku jiraan macluumaadka soo socda:
① Tirada (wadarta tirada guud ama tirada guud ee tuubooyinka birta);
② Heerka caadiga ah (PSL1 ama PSL2);
③Dhuumaha birtanooca (aan lahayn amatuubo alxan, habka alxanka gaarka ah, nooca dhamaadka tuubada;
④ Iyada oo ku saleysan heerarka, sida GB/T 9711-2017;
⑤ darajada birta;
⑥ Dhexroorka dibadda iyo dhumucda derbiga;
⑦ Nooca dhererka iyo dhererka (aan la jarin ama la jarin);
⑧ Go'aami baahida loo qabo isticmaalka lifaaqa.
Heerarka birta iyo darajooyinka birta (GB/T 9711-2017)
| birta heerka caadiga ah | heerka birta birta ah | darajada birta |
| PSL1 | L175 | A25 |
| L175P | A25P | |
| L210 | A | |
| L245 | B | |
| L290 | X42 | |
| L320 | X46 | |
| L360 | X52 | |
| L390 | X56 | |
| L415 | X60 | |
| L450 | X65 | |
| L485 | X70 | |
| PSL2 | L245R | BR |
| L290R | X42R | |
| L245N | BN | |
| L290N | X42N | |
| L320N | X46N | |
| L360N | X52N | |
| L390N | X56N | |
| L415N | X60N | |
| L245Q | BQ | |
| L290Q | X42Q | |
| L320Q | X46Q | |
| L360Q | X52Q | |
| L390Q | X56Q | |
| L415Q | X60Q | |
| L450Q | X65Q | |
| L485Q | X70Q | |
| L555Q | X80Q | |
| L625Q | X90Q | |
| L690Q | X100M | |
| L245M | BM | |
| L290M | X42M | |
| L320M | X46M | |
| L360M | X52M | |
| L390M | X56M | |
| L415M | X60M | |
| L450M | X65M | |
| L485M | X70M | |
| L555M | X80M | |
| L625M | X90M | |
| L690M | X100M | |
| L830M | X120M |
Waqtiga boostada: Jan-30-2023