ASTM A178lithapo tsa tšepe ke li-tubes tsa motlakase tse cheselitsoeng (ERW) tsatšepe ea carbon le carbon-manganesee sebelisoa e le li-boiler tubes, li-flue tsa boiler, li-flue tsa superheater, le lipheletso tsa polokeho.
E loketse li-tubes tsa tšepe tse nang le bophara ba ka ntle ba 12.7-127mm le botenya ba lerako pakeng tsa 0.9-9.1mm.
Li-tubes tsa ASTM A178 li loketse ho hanyetsa li-tubes tse nang lebophara ba ka ntle bo pakeng tsa 1/2 - 5 ho [12.7 - 127 mm] le botenya ba lebota bo pakeng tsa 0.035 - 0.360 ho [0.9 - 9.1 mm], le hoja boholo bo bong bo fumaneha kamoo ho hlokahalang, ha feela li-tubes tsena li finyella litlhoko tse ling tsohle tsa tlhaloso ena.
Ho na le limaraka tse tharo tse sebetsanang le maemo a fapaneng a ts'ebeliso.
Kereiti A, Kereiti C, le Kereiti ya D.
| Kereiti | Mofuta oa tšepe ea Carbon |
| Kereiti A | Tšepe ea Khabone e Tlase |
| Mophato C | Tšepe ea Carbon e mahareng |
| Sehlopha sa D | Tšepe ea Carbon-Manganese |
Thepa e fanoeng tlasa tlhaloso ena e tla lumellana le litlhoko tse sebetsang tsa khatiso ea hajoale ea Specification A450/A450M.ntle le haeba ho fanoe ka mokhoa o mong mona.
Kereiti AleMophato Cu se ke ua bolela tšepe e khethehileng;khetha thepa e tala e loketseng ha ho hlokahala.
Tšepe bakeng saSehlopha sa De tla bolawa.
Tšepe e bolailoeng e hlahisoa ka ho eketsa li-deoxidizers (mohlala, silicon, aluminium, manganese, joalo-joalo) ho tšepe e qhibilihisitsoeng nakong ea ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea tšepe, ka hona ho fokotsa kapa ho felisa oksijene ea tšepe.
Kalafo ena e ntlafatsa homogeneity le botsitso ba tšepe, e ntlafatsa thepa ea eona ea mochine, 'me e ntlafatsa ho hanyetsa ha kutu.
Ka hona, litšepe tse bolailoeng li sebelisoa haholo lits'ebetsong moo ho hlokahalang tekanyo e phahameng ea homogeneity le thepa e ntle ea mochini, joalo ka ho etsa lijana tsa khatello, li-boilers le likarolo tse kholo tsa sebopeho.
Li-tubes tsa tšepe li etsoa ka ho sebelisaERWts'ebetso ea tlhahiso.
ERW (Motlakase Resistance Welded)ke mokhoa o loketseng hantle bakeng sa ho etsa pipe ea tšepe ea carbon.
Ka melemo ea matla a phahameng a ho cheselletsa, libaka tse boreleli tsa ka hare le tsa ka ntle, lebelo la tlhahiso e potlakileng, le theko e tlaase, e sebelisoa haholo libakeng tse ngata tsa indasteri le tsa kaho.
ASTM A178phala ea tšepee tlameha ho phekoloa ka mochesonakong ea ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso.E sebelisetsoa ho ntlafatsa thepa ea mechine le botsitso ba sebopeho sa phala, hammoho le ho felisa khatello ea kelello e ka 'nang ea hlahisoa nakong ea ts'ebetso ea welding.
Ka mor'a ho cheselletsa, li-tubes tsohle li lokela ho hloekisoa mocheso ka mocheso oa 1650 ° F [900 ° C] kapa ho feta 'me li lateloe ke ho pholile moeeng kapa ka kamoreng e pholileng ea sebōpi se laoloang se sepakapaka.
Li-tubes tse nang le seramee tla hloekisoa mocheso ka mor'a hore ho fete metsi a batang a ho qetela mocheso oa 1200 ° F [650°C] kapa ho feta.
Ha tlhahlobo ea lihlahisoa e etsoa, makhetlo a mangata a tlhahlobo a khethoa ka tsela e latelang.
| Karolelano | Khafetsa ea ho Hlahloba |
| Bophara ba ka ntle ≤ 3in [76.2mm] | 250 likhomphutha / nako |
| Bophara ba ka ntle ＞ 3in [76.2mm] | 100pcs / nako |
| Khetholla ka palo ea mocheso oa tube | Ka nomoro ea mocheso |
Litlhoko tsa thepa ea mochini ha li sebetse ho li-tubing tse nyane ho feta 1/8 in. [3.2 mm] bophara ba ka hare kapa 0.015 in. [0.4 mm] ka botenya.
1. Thepa ea Tensile
Bakeng sa Sehlopha sa C le sa D, ho tla etsoa tlhahlobo ea tensile ho li-tubes tse peli sebakeng se seng le se seng.
Bakeng sa li-tubing tsa Kereiti ea A, hangata ha ho hlokahale tlhahlobo ea ho tsitsa.Sena se bakoa ke taba ea hore li-tubing tsa Kereiti ea A li sebelisoa haholo bakeng sa lits'ebetso tsa khatello e tlase le mocheso o tlase.
Letlapa la 3 le fana ka litekanyetso tse baloang tsa bonyane ba bolelele bakeng sa 1/32 in e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe. [0.8 mm] phokotseho ea botenya ba lebota.
Haeba botenya ba lerako la phala ea tšepe e se e 'ngoe ea botenya bona ba marako, bo ka boela ba baloa ka foromo.
Li-Inch Units: E = 48t + 15.00kapaLikarolo tsa ISI: E = 1.87t + 15.00
E = bolelele ho 2 in. kapa 50 mm, %,
t= botenya ba mohlala oa sebele, ho. [mm].
2. Ho Silakanya Teko
Liteko tsa extrusion li etsoa likarolong tsa liphaephe tse bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 63 tse tlamehang ho mamella extrusion ea longitudinal ntle le ho petsoha, ho petsoha kapa ho petsoha ha litšepe.
Bakeng sa li-tubing tse ka tlaase ho 1 in. [25.4 limilimithara] ka bophara ba ka ntle, bolelele ba mohlala e lokela ho ba makhetlo a 2 1/2 bophara ba ka ntle ba tube.Licheko tse nyane ha lia lokela ho ba lebaka la ho hana.
3. Teko e bataletseng
Mokhoa oa liteko o lumellana le litlhoko tse nepahetseng tsa ASTM A450 Karolo ea 19.
4. Flange Test
Mokhoa oa liteko o lumellana le litlhoko tse nepahetseng tsa ASTM A450 Karolo ea 22.
5. Reverse Flattening Test
Mokhoa oa liteko o lumellana le litlhoko tse nepahetseng tsa ASTM A450, Karolo ea 20.
Teko ea motlakase ea hydrostatic kapa e sa senyeheng e etsoa phala e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea tšepe.
Litlhoko li lumellana le ASTM A450, Karolo ea 24 kapa 26.
Lintlha tse latelang li tsoa ho ASTM A450 'me li kopana le litlhoko tse nepahetseng bakeng sa pipe ea tšepe e cheselitsoeng feela.
Boima ba Boima
0 - +10%.
Phapang ea Botenya ba Lerako
0 - +18%.
Phapang ea Kantle ea Diameter
| Kantle Diameter | Liphetoho tse lumelletsoeng | ||
| in | mm | in | mm |
| OD ≤1 | OD≤ 25.4 | ±0.004 | ±0.1 |
| 1＜OD ≤1½ | 25.4＜OD ≤38.4 | ±0.006 | ±0.15 |
| 1½＜OD＜2 | 38.1＜ OD＜50.8 | ±0.008 | ±0.2 |
| 2≤ OD＜2½ | 50.8≤ OD＜63.5 | ±0.010 | ±0.25 |
| 2½≤ OD＜3 | 63.5≤ OD＜76.2 | ±0.012 | ±0.30 |
| 3≤ OD ≤4 | 76.2≤ OD ≤101.6 | ±0.015 | ±0.38 |
| 4＜OD ≤7½ | 101.6＜OD ≤190.5 | -0.025 - +0.015 | -0,64 - +0.038 |
| 7½＜ OD ≤9 | 190.5＜ OD ≤228.6 | -0.045 - +0.015 | -1.14 - +0.038 |
Ka mor'a ho kenngoa ka har'a boiler, tube e lokela ho khona ho mamella ho atolosoa le ho khumama ntle le mefokolo ea ho phunyeha kapa ho phunyeha ha li-welds.
Superheater tubing e tla khona ho mamella ts'ebetso eohle e hlokahalang ea ho forging, welding, le ho kobeha ntle le liphoso.
Haholo-holo e sebelisoa ho li-boiler tubes, li-flue tsa boiler, li-flue tsa superheater le lipheletsong tse sireletsehileng.
ASTM A178 Sehlopha sa Akhabone e tlase ea tubing e e fa matla a ho chesehela le ho tiea ho hoholo ha lits'ebetso tse sa keneng tlas'a khatello e phahameng.
Haholo-holo e sebelisoa bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse nang le khatello e tlase le mocheso o mahareng tse kang li-boilers tse nang le khatello e tlaase (mohlala, li-boilers tsa malapeng, mohaho o monyenyane oa liofisi, kapa li-boilers tsa feme) le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa mocheso libakeng tse tlaase tsa mocheso.
ASTM A178 Sehlopha sa Ce na le k'habone e phahameng le manganese e fanang ka tube ena matla a betere le ho hanyetsa mocheso bakeng sa maemo a thata a ts'ebetso.
E loketse lits'ebetso tsa khatello e mahareng le mocheso o mahareng joalo ka li-boilers tsa indasteri le metsi a chesang, ao hangata a hlokang likhatello tse phahameng le mocheso ho feta li-boilers tsa lapeng.
ASTM A178 Sehlopha sa Dli-tubes li na le lintho tse ngata tsa manganese le li-silicon tse loketseng ho fana ka matla a babatsehang le ho hanyetsa mocheso, ho etsa hore li tsitsitse libakeng tse phahameng tsa mocheso le tse nang le khatello e phahameng le tse loketseng ho mamella maemo a feteletseng a ho sebetsa.
Ka tloaelo e sebelisoa libakeng tse nang le khatello e phahameng le mocheso o phahameng, joalo ka li-boilers tsa seteishene sa motlakase le li-superheaters tsa indasteri.
1. ASTM A179 / ASME SA179: Mocheso oa tšepe o bonolo o se nang seamless le li-tubes tsa condenser bakeng sa tšebeletso ea cryogenic.Haholo-holo e sebelisoa libakeng tse tlase tsa khatello, e tšoana ka thepa ea lik'hemik'hale le ea mochini ho ASTM A178.
2. ASTM A192 / ASME SA192: Li-tubes tsa boiler tsa tšepe tse se nang seamless tse tšebeletsong ea khatello e phahameng.E sebelisoa haholo ha ho etsoa marako a metsi, li-economizers le likarolo tse ling tsa khatello bakeng sa li-boilers tsa khatello e phahameng haholo.
3. ASTM A210 / ASME SA210: E koahela seamless medium carbon le alloy steel boilers le li-tubes tsa superheater bakeng sa mocheso o phahameng le litsamaiso tsa boiler tsa khatello e mahareng.
4. DIN 17175: Li-tubes tsa tšepe tse se nang seamless le liphaephe tse sebelisoang khatellong e phahameng le maemo a mocheso o phahameng.Haholo-holo e sebelisoang ha ho etsoa liphaephe tsa mouoane bakeng sa li-boilers le likepe tsa khatello.
5. EN 10216-2: E hlalosa maemo a tekheniki bakeng sa li-tubes tse se nang moeli le liphaephe tsa litšepe tse se nang alloy le alloy tse nang le thepa e phahameng ea mocheso bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse tlas'a khatello.
6. JIS G3461: E koahela li-tubes tsa carbon steel bakeng sa li-boilers le li-heaters tsa mocheso.E loketse maemo a kakaretso a tlase le a mahareng a khatello ea mocheso.
Re moetsi oa liphaephe tsa tšepe tsa tšepe tsa boleng bo holimo tse cheselitsoeng le mofani oa thepa ea tsoang Chaena, hape re na le setoko sa liphaephe tsa tšepe tse se nang seam, tse u fang mefuta e mengata ea tharollo ea lipeipi tsa tšepe!
Bakeng sa lipotso leha e le life kapa ho ithuta haholoanyane ka linyehelo tsa rona, u se ke ua qeaqea ho iteanya le rona.Litharollo tsa hau tse nepahetseng tsa lipeipi tsa tšepe ke molaetsa feela!
