ASTM A214 steel tubing ke tšupu ea tšepe e hananang le motlakase e sa keneng ka motlakase bakeng sa ho sebelisoa ho li-exchanger tsa mocheso, li-condensers le lisebelisoa tse tšoanang tsa ho fetisa mocheso.Hangata e sebelisoa ho li-tubing tsa tšepe tse nang le bophara bo ka ntle bo sa feteng 3in [76.2mm].
Ka tloaelo ho sebetsa lipeipi tsa tšepe boholo baeseng kholo ho feta 3in [76.2mm].
Mefuta e meng ea phala ea tšepe ea ERW e ka fanoa, ha feela pipe e joalo e fihlela litlhoko tse ling tsa tlhaloso ena.
Thepa e fanoeng tlasa tlhaloso ena e tla lumellana le litlhoko tse sebetsang tsa khatiso ea hajoale ea Specification A450/A450M.ntle le haeba ho fanoe ka mokhoa o mong mona.
Li-tubes li tla etsoa katjheseletsa e hananang le motlakase (ERW).
Ka litšenyehelo tsa eona tse tlase tsa tlhahiso, ho nepahala ha maemo a phahameng, matla a babatsehang le ho tšoarella, le ho feto-fetoha ha moralo, phala ea tšepe ea ERW e fetohile thepa e ratoang bakeng sa mekhoa e mengata ea liphaephe tsa liindasteri, boenjiniere ba meralo, le merero e mengata ea mekhoa ea motheo.
Ka mor'a ho cheselletsa, li-tubes tsohle li tla kenngoa mocheso ka mocheso oa 1650 ° F [900 °] kapa ho feta 'me li lateloe ke ho pholile moeeng kapa ka kamoreng e pholileng ea sebōpi se laoloang.
Li-tubes tse huloang ke serame li lokela ho hloekisoa mocheso ka mor'a hore metsi a qetelle a khaotsoe ka mocheso oa 1200°F [650°C] kapa ho feta.
| C(Khabone) | Mong(Manganese) | P(Phosphorus) | S(Sebabole) |
| boholo 0.18% | 0.27-0.63 | boholo 0.035% | boholo 0.035% |
Ha ho lumelloe ho fana ka limaraka tsa tšepe ea alloy tse hlokang ka ho khetheha ho eketsoa ha ntho efe kapa efe ntle le tse thathamisitsoeng.
Litlhoko tsa mochini ha li sebetse ho li-tubing tse bophara ba kahare bo ka tlase ho 0.126 ho [3.2 mm] kapa botenya bo ka tlase ho 0.015 ho [0.4 mm].
Thepa ea Tensile
Ha ho na litlhokahalo tse khethehileng tsa thepa ea tensile ho ASTM A214.
Lebaka ke hore ASTM A214 e sebelisoa haholo-holo bakeng sa li-heaters le li-condensers.Moralo le ts'ebetso ea lisebelisoa tsena hangata ha li behe khatello e phahameng holim'a li-tubing.Ka lehlakoreng le leng, tlhokomelo e eketsehileng e lebisitsoe ho matla a tube a ho mamella khatello, litšobotsi tsa eona tsa ho fetisa mocheso le ho thibela ho bola ha eona.
Teko e bataletseng
Bakeng sa phala e cheselitsoeng, bolelele ba karolo ea teko e hlokahalang ha bo ka tlase ho 4 ho (100 mm).
Teko e entsoe ka mehato e 'meli:
Mohato oa pele ke teko ea ductility, bokaholimo bo ka hare kapa bo ka ntle ba phala ea tšepe, ho ke ke ha e-ba le mapheo kapa ho robeha ho fihlela sebaka se pakeng tsa lipoleiti se le tlase ho boleng ba H bo baloang ho latela mokhoa o latelang.
H=(1+e)t/(e+t/D)
H= sebaka se pakeng tsa lipoleiti tse bataletseng, ka. [mm],
t= botenya ba lebota bo boletsoeng ba tube, ka.[mm],
D= e boletsoeng ka ntle ho bophara ba tube, ka. [mm],
e= 0.09(deformation per unit length)(0.09 bakeng sa tšepe e tlase ea carbon (boholo bo boletsoeng k'habone 0.18 % kapa ka tlase)).
Mohato oa bobeli ke teko ea botšepehi, e tla tsoela pele ho batalatsoa ho fihlela mohlala o robeha kapa marako a liphaephe a kopana.Nakong eohle ea teko ea ho batalla, haeba lisebelisoa tsa laminated kapa tse sa utloahaleng li fumanoa, kapa haeba weld e sa phethahala, e tla haneloa.
Tlhahlobo ea Flange
Karolo ea phaephe e tlameha ho khona ho fetisetsoa sebakeng se nang le li-angles tse nepahetseng 'meleng oa phala ntle le ho phunyeha kapa ho se phethahale ho ka haneloang tlas'a lipehelo tsa litlhaloso tsa sehlahisoa.
Bophara ba flange bakeng sa litšepe tsa carbon le alloy ha boa lokela ho ba ka tlase ho liphesente.
| Kantle Diameter | Bophara ba Flange |
| Ho isa ho 2½ in[63.5mm], ho kenyelletsa | 15% ea OD |
| Ho feta 2½ ho 3¾ [63.5 ho 95.2], ho kenyeletsa | 12.5% ea OD |
| Ho feta 3¾ ho isa ho 8 [95.2 ho 203.2], ho kenyeletsa | 15% ea OD |
Reverse Flattening Test
[12.7 limilimithara] ka bolelele ba limilimithara tse 100 ka boholo ho theosa le ho kenyelletsa ½ in. weld sebakeng sa ho kobeha ho hoholo.
Ha ho na ho ba le bopaki ba mapetsong a khaello ea ho kenella kapa ho fetana ho bakoang ke ho tlosoa ha flash ka har'a weld.
Tlhahlobo ea boima
Ho thatafala ha tube ha hoa lokela ho feta72 HRBW.
Bakeng sa li-tubes tse 0,200 in [5.1 mm] le ho feta botenya ba lebota, ho tla sebelisoa teko ea ho thatafala ha Brinell kapa Rockwell.
Teko ea motlakase ea hydrostatic kapa e sa senyeheng e etsoa phala e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea tšepe.
Teko ea Hydrostatic
Theboleng bo phahameng ba khatelloe lokela ho bolokoa bonyane 5s ntle le ho lutla.
Khatello e fokolang ea tlhahlobo ea hydrostatic e amana le bophara ba ka ntle le botenya ba lerako la phala.E ka baloa ka foromo.
Li-Inch-Pound Units: P = 32000 t/DorLi-SI Units: P = 220.6 t/D
P= khatello ea teko ea hydrostatic, psi kapa MPa,
t= botenya ba lebota bo boletsoeng, ka hare kapa mm,
D= e hlalositsoe bophara ba kantle, ka hare kapa mm.
Khatello e phahameng ea liteko, ho ikamahanya le litlhoko tse ka tlase.
| Ka ntle ho Diameter ea Tube | Khatello ea Teko ea Hydrostatic, psi [MPa] | |
| OD ＜1 ka | OD ＜25.4 limilimithara | 1000 [7] |
| 1≤ OD ＜1½ ka | 25.4≤ OD ＜38.1 limilimithara | 1500 [10] |
| 1½≤ OD ＜2 ka hare | 38.≤ OD ＜50.8 limilimithara | 2000 [14] |
| 2≤ OD ＜3 ho | 50.8≤ OD ＜76.2 limilimithara | 2500 [17] |
| 3≤ OD ＜5 ho | 76.2≤ OD ＜127 limilimithara | 3500 [24] |
| OD ≥5 ho | OD ≥127 limilimithara | 4500 [31] |
Teko ea Motlakase e sa Senyeheng
Tube e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e tla hlahlojoa ka mekhoa e sa senyeheng ea tlhahlobo ho latela Specification E213, Specification E309 (lisebelisoa tsa ferromagnetic), Specification E426 (lisebelisoa tse seng tsa makenete), kapa Specification E570.
Lintlha tse latelang li tsoa ho ASTM A450 'me li kopana le litlhoko tse nepahetseng bakeng sa pipe ea tšepe e cheselitsoeng feela.
Boima ba Boima
0 - + 10%, ha ho na ho kheloha ho ea tlaase.
Boima ba phala ea tšepe bo ka baloa ka foromo.
W = C(Dt)t
W= boima, Ib/ft [kg/m],
C= 10.69 bakeng sa Li-Inch Units [0.0246615 bakeng sa Li-SI Units],
D= e hlalositsoe bophara ba kantle, ka. [mm],
t= botenya bo fokolang ba lebota, ka. [mm].
Phapang ea Botenya ba Lerako
0 - +18%.
Phapang ea botenya ba lebota la karolo leha e le efe e le 'ngoe ea phala ea tšepe ea 0.220 ho [5.6 limilimithara] ho ea holimo e ke ke ea feta ± 5% ea botenya ba sebele ba lerako la karolo eo.
Karolelano ea botenya ba marako ke karolelano ea marako a teteaneng le a thinnest ka ho fetisisa karolong.
Phapang ea Kantle ea Diameter
| Kantle Diameter | Liphetoho tse lumelletsoeng | ||
| in | mm | in | mm |
| OD ≤1 | OD ≤ 25.4 | ±0.004 | ±0.1 |
| 1＜ OD ≤1½ | 25.4＜ OD ≤38.4 | ±0.006 | ±0.15 |
| 1½＜ OD ＜2 | 38.1＜ OD ＜50.8 | ±0.008 | ±0.2 |
| 2≤ OD ＜2½ | 50.8≤ OD ＜63.5 | ±0.010 | ±0.25 |
| 2½≤ OD ＜3 | 63.5≤ OD ＜76.2 | ±0.012 | ±0.30 |
| 3≤ OD ≤4 | 76.2≤ OD ≤101.6 | ±0.015 | ±0.38 |
| 4＜ OD ≤7½ | 101.6＜ OD ≤190.5 | -0.025 - +0.015 | -0,64 - +0.038 |
| 7½＜ OD ≤9 | 190.5＜ OD ≤228.6 | -0.045 - +0.015 | -1.14 - +0.038 |
Li-lubes tse phethiloeng ha li na sekala.Palo e nyane ea oxidation e ke ke ea nkuoa e le sekala.
Tube e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e tla ngoloa ka ho hlaka lelebitso la moetsi kapa lets'oao, nomoro e ikhethileng, le ERW.
Lebitso la moetsi kapa letšoao le ka behoa ka ho sa feleng holim'a tšupu e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ka ho bilika kapa ho hatakela hanyenyane pele ho tloaeleha.
Haeba ho behoa setempe se le seng holim’a tšupu ka letsoho, letšoao lena ha lea lokela ho ba ka tlaase ho limilimithara tse 200 ho tloha ntlheng e ’ngoe ea tšupu.
Ho hanyetsa mocheso le likhatello tse phahameng: Bokhoni ba ho mamella mocheso o phahameng le likhatello ke thepa ea bohlokoa haholo tsamaisong ea phapanyetsano ea mocheso.
Molemo o motle oa mocheso oa mocheso: Lisebelisoa le ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ea tube ena ea tšepe e netefatsa hore ho na le conductivity e ntle ea mocheso bakeng sa likopo tse hlokang phapanyetsano e sebetsang ea mocheso.
Weldability: Molemo o mong ke hore li ka kopanngoa hantle ka ho tjheseletsa, ho etsa hore ho be bonolo ho kenya le ho hlokomela.
Haholo-holo e sebelisoa ho li-heaters tsa mocheso, li-condensers, le lisebelisoa tse tšoanang tsa ho fetisa mocheso.
1. Lisebelisoa tsa mocheso: Lits'ebetsong tse fapaneng tsa indasteri, lisebelisoa tsa mocheso li sebelisoa ho fetisetsa matla a mocheso ho tloha mokelikeli o mong (mokelikeli kapa khase) ho ea ho o mong ntle le ho ba lumella hore ba kopane ka ho toba.Li-tubes tsa tšepe tsa ASTM A214 li sebelisoa haholo mofuteng ona oa lisebelisoa hobane li khona ho mamella mocheso o phahameng le likhatello tse ka hlahang ts'ebetsong.
2. Li-condenser: Li-condenser li sebelisoa haholo-holo bakeng sa ho tlosa mocheso lits'ebetsong tsa ho pholisa, mohlala, lihatsetsing le tsamaisong ea air-conditioning, kapa bakeng sa ho fetola mouoane ho khutlela metsing liteisheneng tsa motlakase.Li sebelisoa lits'ebetsong tsena ka lebaka la conductivity ea tsona e ntle ea mocheso le matla a mochine.
3. Lisebelisoa tsa phapanyetsano ea mocheso: Mofuta ona oa tube ea tšepe o boetse o sebelisoa lisebelisoa tse ling tsa ho fapanyetsana mocheso o tšoanang le lisebelisoa tsa mocheso le li-condensers, tse kang li-evaporator le li-coolers.
ASTM A179: ke sesebelisoa sa mocheso oa tšepe e bonolo e huloang ke serame le li-tubing tsa condenser.E sebelisoa hangata lits'ebetsong tse nang le lits'ebetso tse ts'oanang, joalo ka li-heaters le li-condensers.Leha A179 e se na moroallo, e fana ka thepa e tšoanang ea phapanyetsano ea mocheso.
ASTM A178: E koahela li-tubes tsa boiler tse nang le k'habone le khabone-manganese.Li-tubes tsena li sebelisoa ho li-boilers le li-superheaters, hape li ka sebelisoa lits'ebetsong tsa phapanyetsano ea mocheso ka litlhoko tse tšoanang, haholo-holo moo ho hlokahalang litho tse cheselitsoeng.
ASTM A192: e koahela li-tubes tsa boiler tsa tšepe tsa seamless bakeng sa ts'ebeletso e phahameng ea khatello.Le hoja li-tubes tsena li reretsoe ho sebelisoa haholo-holo libakeng tse nang le khatello e phahameng le mocheso o phahameng, lisebelisoa tsa bona le mekhoa ea ho etsa lihlahisoa li etsa hore li tšoanelehe ho sebelisoa lisebelisoa tse ling tsa ho fetisa mocheso tse hlokang khatello e phahameng le ho hanyetsa mocheso.
Re moetsi oa liphaephe tsa tšepe tsa tšepe tsa boleng bo holimo tse cheselitsoeng le mofani oa thepa ea tsoang Chaena, hape re na le setoko sa liphaephe tsa tšepe tse se nang seam, tse u fang mefuta e mengata ea tharollo ea lipeipi tsa tšepe!
Bakeng sa lipotso leha e le life kapa ho ithuta haholoanyane ka linyehelo tsa rona, u se ke ua qeaqea ho iteanya le rona.Litharollo tsa hau tse nepahetseng tsa lipeipi tsa tšepe ke molaetsa feela!
