ASTM A335 P91, e tsejoang hape e leASME SA335 P91, ke phaephe ya tshepe ya ferritic alloy e se nang moedi bakeng sa tshebeletso ya mocheso o phahameng, UNS No. K91560.
E na le bonyanematla a ho thapolla a 585 MPa(85 ksi) le bonyanematla a tlhahiso ea 415 MPa(60 ksi).
P91haholo-holo e na le likarolo tsa ho kopanya tse kang chromium le molybdenum, 'me ho eketsoa likarolo tse ling tse fapaneng tsa ho kopanya, tse leng tsatšepe e nang le motsoako o phahameng, kahoo e na le matla a maholo le ho hanyetsa mafome hantle haholo.
Ho phaella moo, P91 e fumaneha ka mefuta e 'meli,Mofuta oa 1leMofuta oa 2, 'me e sebelisoa hangata lifemeng tsa motlakase, lifemeng tsa ho hloekisa, lits'ebetsong tsa lik'hemik'hale lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa, le liphaephe libakeng tse nang le mocheso o phahameng le khatello e phahameng.
Phaephe ea tšepe ea P91 e arotsoe ka mefuta e 'meli, Mofuta oa 1 le Mofuta oa 2.
Mefuta ena ka bobeli e tšoana mabapi le litšobotsi tsa mechini le litlhoko tse ling tse kang kalafo ea mocheso,ka liphapang tse nyane tsa sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale le tsepamiso e itseng ea ts'ebeliso.
Sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale: Ha ho bapisoa le Mofuta oa 1, motsoako oa lik'hemik'hale oa Mofuta oa 2 o thata haholo 'me o na le likarolo tse ngata tsa ho kopanya ho fana ka khanyetso e ntle ea mocheso le mafome.
Likopo: Ka lebaka la sebopeho se ntlafetseng sa lik'hemik'hale, Mofuta oa 2 o loketse haholoanyane bakeng sa mocheso o phahameng haholo kapa libaka tse senyang haholo, kapa lits'ebetsong moo matla le ho tšoarella ho phahameng ho hlokahalang.
Phaephe ea tšepe ea ASTM A335 e lokela ho baseamless.
Ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso e se nang sekoli e arotsoe ka lihlophaqetello e chesangleho huloa ka serame.
Ka tlase ke setshwantsho sa tshebetso ya ho qeta e chesang.
Haholo-holo, P91, phala ea tšepe e nang le motsoako o phahameng, e atisang ho sebelisoa libakeng tse thata tse nang le mocheso o phahameng le likhatello, phala ea tšepe e se nang moqhaka e hatelloa ka ho lekana 'me e ka etsoa ka mabota a teteaneng, ka hona e netefatsa polokeho e phahameng le katleho e ntle ea litšenyehelo.
P91 Liphaephe tsohle li tlameha ho phekoloa ka mocheso ho ntlafatsa sebopeho sa phaephe, ho ntlafatsa thepa ea eona ea mechini, le ho eketsa khanyetso mochesong o phahameng le khatello.
| Sehlopha | Mofuta oa Phekolo ea Mocheso | Ho Ntlafatsa Mocheso | Mocheso o Tekanyetsang |
| Mofuta oa 1 oa P91 le Mofuta oa 2 | tloaele le ho halefisa kapa | 1900 - 1975 ℉ [1040 - 1080 ℃] | 1350 ~ 1470 ℉ [730 - 800 ℃] |
| ho tima le ho halefa | 1900 - 1975 ℉ [1040 - 1080 ℃] | 1350 - 1470 ℉ [730 - 800 ℃] |
Likarolo tsa Lik'hemik'hale tsa Mofuta oa 1 oa P91
| Sehlopha | Sebopeho, % | ||||||
| Mofuta oa 1 oa P91 | C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cr | Mo |
| 0.08 - 0.12 | 0.30 - 0.60 | 0.020 max | 0.010 max | 0.20 - 0.50 | 8.00 - 9.50 | 0.85 - 1.05 | |
| V | N | Ni | Al | Nb | Ti | Zr | |
| 0.18 - 0.25 | 0.030 - 0.070 | 0.40 max | 0.02 max | 0.06 - 0.10 | 0.01 e phahameng ka ho fetisisa | 0.01 e phahameng ka ho fetisisa | |
Likarolo tsa Lik'hemik'hale tsa Mofuta oa 2 oa P91
| Sehlopha | Sebopeho, % | ||||||
| Likarolo tsa Lik'hemik'hale tsa Sehlahisoa sa Mofuta oa 2 sa P91 | C | Mn | P | S | Si | Cr | Mo |
| 0.07 - 0.13 | 0.30 - 0.50 | 0.020 max | 0.005 max | 0.20 - 0.40 | 8.00 - 9.50 | 0.80 - 1.05 | |
| V | Ni | Al | N | Karolelano ea N/Al | Nb | Ti | |
| 0.16 - 0.27 | 0.20 max | 0.02 max | 0.035 - 0.070 | ≥ 4.0 | 0.05 - 0.11 | 0.01 e phahameng ka ho fetisisa | |
| Zr | Sn | Sb | As | B | W | Cu | |
| 0.01 e phahameng ka ho fetisisa | 0.01 e phahameng ka ho fetisisa | 0.003 max | 0.01 e phahameng ka ho fetisisa | 0.001 max | 0.05 max | 0.10 max | |
Ka litšoantšo tse peli tse ka holimo, ho bonolo ho bona phapang pakeng tsa likarolo tsa lik'hemik'hale tsa Mofuta oa 1 le oa Mofuta oa 2 le lithibelo.
1. Thepa e Tenyetsehang
Teko ea ho tsitlella e sebelisoa hangata ho lekanyamatla a tlhahiso, matla a tšepelebolelelen ea lenaneo la liteko tsa phala ea tšepe, 'me e sebelisoa haholo litšobotsing tsa thepa ea teko.
| Mofuta oa 1 oa P91 le Mofuta oa 2 | |||
| Matla a tšepe | 85 ksi [585 MPa] motsotso | ||
| Matla a tlhahiso | 60 ksi [415 MPa] mets | ||
| Ho lelefatsa | Litlhoko tsa ho Lelefatsa | Longitudinal | Ho fapanyetsana |
| Ho lelefatsa ka 2 in. kapa 50 mm, (kapa 4D), min, %; Bolelele bo fokolang ba motheo bakeng sa lebota la lisenthimithara tse 6 [8 mm] le ho feta ka botenya, liteko tsa strip, le bakeng sa boholo bohle bo bonyenyane bo lekiloeng karolong e felletseng. | 20 | — | |
| Ha ho sebediswa mohlala o chitja o bolelele ba 2-in. kapa 50-mm kapa o monyane ka ho lekana, bolelele ba 4D (bophara ba makgetlo a 4) | 20 | 13 | |
| Bakeng sa liteko tsa strip, ho tla etsoa phokotso bakeng sa phokotso e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea 1/32 in. [0.8 mm] ea botenya ba lebota ka tlase ho 5/16 in. [8 mm] ho tloha ho bolelele ba mantlha ba bonyane ba lintlha tse latelang tsa peresente. | 1 | — | |
2. Bothata
Mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho leka ho thatafala e ka sebelisoa, ho kenyeletsoa Vickers, Brinell, le Rockwell.
| Sehlopha | Brinell | Vickers | Rockwell |
| Mofuta oa 1 oa P91 le Mofuta oa 2 | 190 - 250 HBW | 196 - 265 HV | 91 HRBW - 25HRC |
Botenya ba lebota <0.065 in. [1.7 mm]: Ha ho hlokahale teko ea ho thatafala;
0.065 in. [1.7 mm] ≤ botenya ba lebota <0.200 in. [5.1 mm]: Teko ea ho thatafala ha Rockwell e lokela ho sebelisoa;
Botenya ba lebota ≥ 0.200 in. [5.1 mm]: tshebediso ya boikgethelo ya teko ya thata ya Brinell kapa teko ya thata ya Rockwell.
Teko ea ho thatafala ha Vickers e sebetsa ho botenya bohle ba mabota a liphaephe. Mokhoa oa teko o etsoa ho latela litlhoko tsa E92.
3. Teko ea ho Batalatsa
Liteko li tla etsoa ho latela Karolo ea 20 ea maemo a ASTM A999.
4. Teko ea ho Kobeha
Koba ka 180° mochesong oa kamore, ha ho mapetso a tla hlaha ka ntle ho karolo e kobehileng.
Boholo > NPS25 kapa D/t ≥ 7.0: Teko ea ho kobeha e lokela ho etsoa ntle le teko ea ho batalatsa.
5. Mananeo a Teko a Boikhethelo a P91
Lintho tse latelang tsa teko ha se lintho tsa teko tse hlokahalang, haeba ho hlokahala li ka fumanoa ka lipuisano.
S1: Tlhahlobo ea Sehlahisoa
S3: Teko ea ho Batalatsa
S4: Liteko tsa Sebopeho sa Tšepe le ho Cheka
S5: Lifotokarokerafo
S6: Lifotokarokerafo bakeng sa Likotoana ka Bonngoe
S7: Kalafo e 'Ngoe ea Mocheso-Sehlopha sa P91 Mofuta oa 1 le Mofuta oa 2
Teko ea metsi ea P91 e tla latela litlhoko tse latelang.
Bophara ba kantle ＞10in. [250mm] le botenya ba lebota ≤ 0.75in. [19mm]: ena e lokela ho ba teko ea hydrostatic.
Boholo bo bong bakeng sa liteko tsa motlakase tse sa senyeheng.
Bakeng sa tšepe ea ferritic alloy le lipeipi tsa tšepe e sa hloekang, lebota le tlas'a khatello ea bonyane60% ea matla a bonyane a tlhahiso a boletsoeng.
Khatello ea teko ea metsi e lokela ho bolokoa bonyane 5sntle le ho dutla kapa diphoso tse ding.
Khatello ea haeterolikie ka baloa ho sebelisoa foromo:
P = 2St/D
P= kgatello ya teko ya hydrostatic ho psi [MPa];
S = khatello ea lebota la phaephe ho psi kapa [MPa];
t = botenya ba lebota bo boletsoeng, botenya ba lebota bo boletsoeng ho latela nomoro ea kemiso ea ANSI e boletsoeng kapa makhetlo a 1.143 a botenya ba lebota bo boletsoeng, ka hare ho. [mm];
D = bophara bo boletsoeng kantle, bophara ba kantle bo tsamaellanang le boholo ba phaephe e boletsoeng ea ANSI, kapa bophara ba kantle bo baloang ka ho eketsa 2t (joalokaha ho hlalositsoe kaholimo) ho bophara bo boletsoeng kahare, ka hare. [mm].
Phaephe ea P91 e hlahlojoa ka mokhoa oa teko ea E213. Tekanyetso ea E213 e shebane haholo le teko ea ultrasound (UT).
Haeba e boletsoe ka ho khetheha ka tatellano, e ka boela ea hlahlojoa ho latela mokhoa oa teko oa E309 kapa E570.
Tekanyetso ea E309 hangata e sebetsana le tlhahlobo ea motlakase (eddy current), ha E570 e le mokhoa oa tlhahlobo o kenyelletsang li-array tsa eddy current.
Liphetoho tse Lumellehang ka Bophara
Bakeng sa phaephe e laetsoeng hobophara ba kahare, bophara ba kahare ha boa lokela ho fapana ho feta ±1% ho tloha bophara bo boletsoeng ba kahare.
Ho kenya liphaephe ka har'a liphaephe ho laetsoe ka hareNPS [DN] kapa bophara ba kantleha ea lokela ho fapana ka bophara ba kantle ho feta bo boletsoeng litafoleng tse ka tlase.
Liphetoho tse Lumellehang tsa Botenya ba Lebota
Litekanyo tsa botenya ba lebota li tla etsoa ho sebelisoa li-caliper tsa mechini kapa lisebelisoa tsa liteko tse sa senyeheng tse lekantsoeng hantle tse nepahetseng. Haeba ho ka ba le qabang, tekanyo e fumanoeng ho sebelisoa li-caliper tsa mechini e tla sebetsa.
Botenya bo fokolang ba lebota le bophara ba kantle bakeng sa tlhahlobo bakeng sa ho latela tlhoko ena bakeng sa phaephe e laetsoeng ke NPS [DN] le nomoro ea kemiso li bontšitsoe hoASME B36.10M.
Liphoso
Liphoso tsa bokaholimo li nkoa e le likoli haeba li feta 12.5% ea botenya ba lebota bo tloaelehileng kapa li feta botenya bo fokolang ba lebota.
Ho se phethahale
Matshwao a mechine, maqeba, le masoba, ao diphoso tsa ona di leng botebong ba 1.6 mm.
Matshwao le maqeba a hlaloswa e le matshwao a thapo, dinges, matshwao a tataiso, matshwao a ho roll, maqeba a bolo, disco, matshwao a die, le tse ding tse jwalo.
Tokiso
Liphoso li ka tlosoa ka ho sila, ha feela botenya ba lebota bo setseng bo se ka tlase ho botenya bo bonyane ba lebota.
Litokiso li ka boela tsa etsoa ka ho tjheseletsa empa li tlameha ho latela litlhoko tse amehang tsa A999.
Li-weld tsohle tsa tokiso ho P91 li lokela ho etsoa ka e 'ngoe ea mekhoa e latelang ea ho welding le lintho tse sebelisoang: SMAW, A5.5/A5.5M E90XX-B9:SAW, A5.23/A5.23M EB9 + neutral flux; GTAW, A5.28/A5.28M ER90S-B9; le FCAW A5.29/A5.29M E91TI-B9. Ho phaella moo, kakaretso ea litaba tsa Ni+Mn tsa lintho tsohle tse sebelisoang ho welding tse sebelisitsoeng ho welding tokiso ea P91 Type 1 le Type 2 ha ea lokela ho feta 1.0%.
Phaephe ea P91 e lokela ho phekoloa ka mocheso oa 1350-1470 °F [730-800°C] kamora ho lokisoa ha weld.
Bokaholimo ba kantle ba phaephe ea tšepe e hlahlobiloeng bo tla ba le likarolo tse latelang:
Lebitso kapa letshwao la kgwebo la moetsi; nomoro e tlwaelehileng; kereiti; bolelele le letshwao le eketsehileng "S".
Matšoao a khatello ea hydrostatic le liteko tse sa senyeheng tafoleng e ka tlase le ona a lokela ho kenyelletsoa.
Haeba phaephe e lokisoa ka ho tjheseletsa, e tla ngolwa "WR".
p91 Mofuta (Mofuta wa 1 kapa Mofuta wa 2) o lokela ho bontshwa.
| ASME | ASTM | EN | GB |
| ASME SA335 P91 | ASTM A213 T91 | EN 10216-2 X10CrMoVNb9-1 | GB/T 5310 10Cr9Mo1VNbN |
Thepal: ASTM A335 P91 phaephe ea tšepe e se nang mohele;
OD: 1/8"- 24";
WT: ho latelaASME B36.10ditlhoko;
Kemiso: SCH10, SCH20, SCH30,SCH40, SCH60,SCH80, SCH100, SCH120, SCH140 le SCH160;
Boitsebiso:STD (e tloaelehileng), XS (e matla haholo), kapa XXS (e matla haholo habeli);
Ho iketsetsa: Boholo ba liphaephe tse sa tloaelehang le bona boa fumaneha, boholo bo ikhethileng boa fumaneha ha ho kopuoa;
Bolelele: Bolelele bo itseng le bo sa reroang;
Setifikeiti sa IBR: Re ka ikopanya le mokhatlo oa tlhahlobo oa motho oa boraro ho fumana setifikeiti sa IBR ho latela litlhoko tsa hau, mekhatlo ea rona ea tlhahlobo ea tšebelisano-'moho ke BV, SGS, TUV, jj.;
QETA: Qetello e bataletseng, e betlotsoeng, kapa pheletso ea phaephe e kopaneng;
Bokaholimo: Phaephe e bobebe, pente, le tshireletso e 'ngoe ea nakoana, ho tlosa le ho bentša mafome, ho maneha ka galvanized le polasetiki, le tshireletso e 'ngoe ea nako e telele;
Ho paka: Nyeoe ea lepolanka, lebanta la tšepe kapa terata ea tšepe, tšireletso ea pheletso ea phaephe ea polasetiki kapa ea tšepe, jj.
