ASTM: Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa Liteko le Lisebelisoa ANSI: Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa Melao-motheo ASME: Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa Mechanical Engineers API: American Petroleum Institute 
ASTM: The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) e kile ea e-ba Mokhatlo oa Machaba oa Lisebelisoa tsa Teko (IATM).Lilemong tsa bo-1880, molemong oa ho rarolla maikutlo le liphapang pakeng tsa bareki le barekisi nakong ea ho reka le ho rekisa thepa ea indasteri, batho ba bang ba ile ba etsa tlhahiso ea ho theha tsamaiso ea komiti ea tekheniki, 'me komiti ea tekheniki e ile ea hlophisa baemeli ba likarolo tsohle ho nka karolo lisymposium tsa tekheniki. ho buisana le ho rarolla lintlha tse amehang., mekhoa ea liteko le litaba tse ling tse tsosang khang.Kopano ea pele ea IATM e ile ea tšoaroa Europe ka 1882, moo komiti e sebetsang e ileng ea thehoa.
ASME: The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) e thehiloe ka 1880. Kajeno e fetohile mokhatlo oa machaba oa thuto le theknoloji o se nang phaello o nang le litho tse fetang 125,000 lefatšeng ka bophara.Ka lebaka la sebopeho se ntseng se hola sa lefapha la boenjiniere, likhatiso tsa ASME le tsona li fana ka leseli mabapi le mahlale a morao-rao ho pholletsa le lithuto.Lithuto tse kenyelletsoeng li kenyelletsa: boenjiniere ba mantlha, tlhahiso, moralo oa sistimi, jj.
ANSI: Mokhatlo oa Amerika oa Melao ea Boipheliso o thehiloe ka 1918. Ka nako eo, likhoebo tse ngata le lihlopha tsa litsebi tsa litsebi United States li ne li se li qalile mosebetsi oa maemo, empa ho ne ho e-na le likhanyetsano le mathata a mangata ka lebaka la ho hloka tšebelisano har'a tsona.E le ho tsoela pele ho ntlafatsa katleho, makholo a mekhatlo ea saense le theknoloji, mekhatlo le lihlopha kaofela li lumela hore hoa hlokahala ho theha mokhatlo o khethehileng oa maemo le ho theha litekanyetso tse akaretsang tse kopaneng.
API: API ke khutsufatso ea American Petroleum Institute.E thehiloe ka 1919, API ke mokhatlo oa pele oa khoebo oa naha United States ebile e le e 'ngoe ea liphaposi tsa pele tse atlehileng tsa ho beha maemo lefatšeng ka bophara.
Boikarabello bo fapaneng ASTM e ameha haholo ho nts'etsopele ea litekanyetso tsa litšobotsi le ts'ebetso ea thepa, lihlahisoa, litsamaiso le lits'ebeletso, le phatlalatso ea tsebo e amanang le eona.Litekanyetso tsa ASTM li ntlafatsoa ke likomiti tsa tekheniki 'me li ngoloa ke lihlopha tse tloaelehileng tsa mosebetsi.Le hoja litekanyetso tsa ASTM e le litekanyetso tse entsoeng ke lihlopha tse sa tloaelehang tsa thuto.Hajoale, litekanyetso tsa ASTM li arotsoe ka lihlopha tse 15 (likarolo)' me li hatisoa ka bongata (Volume).Karolelano e tloaelehileng le meqolo ke tse latelang: Classification:
(1) Lihlahisoa tsa tšepe
(2) Litšepe tse se nang tšepe
(3) Mekhoa ea liteko le mekhoa ea ho hlahloba lisebelisoa tsa tšepe
(4) Lisebelisoa tsa kaho
(5) Lihlahisoa tsa petroleum, lubricant le mafura a liminerale
(6) Lipente, liphahlo tse amanang le metsoako e nkhang hamonate
(7) Masela le thepa
(8) polasetiki
(9) Rabara
(10) Li-insulator tsa motlakase le lihlahisoa tsa elektronike
(11) Thekenoloji ea Metsi le Tikoloho
(12) Matla a nyutlelie, matla a letsatsi
(13) Thepa ea bongaka le litšebeletso
(14) Lisebelisoa le mekhoa ea tlhahlobo e akaretsang
(15) Lihlahisoa tse akaretsang tsa indasteri, lik'hemik'hale tse khethehileng le lisebelisoa tse ka sebelisoang
ANSI: The American National Standards Institute ke sehlopha se sa etseng phaello se sa etseng phaello.Empa e hlile e fetohile setsi sa maemo a naha;
ANSI ka boeona ha se hangata e hlahisang litekanyetso.Tokiso ea maemo a eona a ANSI haholo-holo e sebelisa mekhoa e meraro e latelang:
1. Lihlopha tse amehang li na le boikarabelo ba ho ngola, ho mema litsebi kapa lihlopha tsa litsebi ho vouta, le ho fana ka liphetho sebokeng se tloaelehileng sa tlhahlobo se thehiloeng ke ANSI bakeng sa tlhahlobo le tumello.Mokhoa ona o bitsoa khetho.
2. Baemeli ba likomiti tsa tekheniki tsa ANSI le likomiti tse hlophisitsoeng ke mekhatlo e meng ba ngola lingoloa tse tloaelehileng, tse khethiloeng ke litho tsohle tsa komiti, 'me qetellong li hlahlojoa le ho amoheloa ke komiti e tloaelehileng ea tlhahlobo.Mokhoa ona o bitsoa mokhoa oa komiti.
3. Ho latela litekanyetso tse entsoeng ke mekhatlo le mekhatlo e fapaneng ea litsebi, tse seng li hōlile ka ho feletseng le tsa bohlokoa bo boholo ho naha li phahamisetsoa ho ea ho maemo a naha (ANSI) ka mor'a hore li hlahlojoe ke likomiti tsa theknoloji tsa ANSI 'me li rehetsoe e le mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea ANSI le nomoro ea lihlopha, empa ka nako e ts'oanang boloka khoutu e tloaelehileng ea pele ea setsebi.
Boholo ba litekanyetso tsa American National Standards Institute li tsoa maemong a profeshenale.Ka lehlakoreng le leng, mekhatlo e fapaneng ea litsebi le mekhatlo e ka boela ea theha maemo a itseng a lihlahisoa ho latela maemo a teng a naha.Ehlile, o ka boela oa iketsetsa maemo a mokhatlo eseng ho latela maemo a naha.Litekanyetso tsa ANSI ke tsa boithaopo.United States e lumela hore maemo a tlamang a ka fokotsa phaello ea tlhahiso.Leha ho le joalo, litekanyetso tse boletsoeng ke melao le tse hlophisitsoeng ke mafapha a mmuso ka kakaretso ke litekanyetso tse tlamang.
ASME: E ikakhetse ka setotsoana ntlafatsong ea mahlale le mahlale a boenjineri ba mechini le mafapha a amanang le ona, ho khothaletsa lipatlisiso tsa mantlha, ho khothaletsa phapanyetsano ea thuto, ho nts'etsapele tšebelisano 'moho le boenjiniere le mekhatlo e meng, ho etsa mesebetsi ea maemo, le ho theha lintlha le litekanyetso tsa mochini.Ho tloha ha e qala, ASME e etelletse pele ntlafatso ea litekanyetso tsa mochini, 'me e ntlafalitse litekanyetso tse fetang 600 ho tloha maemong a pele a likhoele ho fihlela joale.Ka 1911, ho ile ha thehoa Komiti ea Boiler Machinery Directive, ’me Machinery Directive e ile ea phatlalatsoa ho tloha ka 1914 ho ea ho 1915. Hamorao, taelo eo e ile ea kopanngoa le melao ea linaha tse sa tšoaneng le ea Canada.ASME e fetohile setsi sa lefats'e sa boenjiniere haholo-holo litabeng tsa theknoloji, thuto le lipatlisiso.
API: Ke mokhatlo o hlophisitsoeng oa maemo o amoheloang ke ANSI.Boemo ba eona bo tloaelehileng bo latela litataiso tsa ts'ebetso ea khokahano le nts'etsopele ea ANSI.API e boetse e nts'etsapele le ho phatlalatsa litekanyetso ka ASTM.Litekanyetso tsa API li sebelisoa haholo, eseng feela ho amoheloa ke likhoebo tsa Chaena, empa hape le melao ea mmuso le ea naha United States.Melao le mekhatlo ea mmuso e kang Lefapha la Lipalangoang, Lefapha la Tšireletso, Tšireletseho Mosebetsing le Tsamaiso ea Bophelo, US Customs, Environmental Protection Agency, US Geological Survey, joalo-joalo, 'me e boetse e sebelisoa lefatšeng ka bophara ke ISO, International Organization for Legal Metrology le tse ling. ho feta 100 maemo a naha a qotsitsoeng.API: Litekanyetso li sebelisoa haholo, ha li amoheloe feela ke likhoebo tsa China, empa hape li qotsitsoe ke melao le melaoana ea mmuso ea US, hammoho le mekhatlo ea mmuso e joalo ka Lefapha la Lipalangoang, Lefapha la Tšireletso, Ts'ireletso ea Mosebetsing le Tsamaiso ea Bophelo. , US Customs, Setsi sa Tšireletso ea Tikoloho, le US Geological Survey.'Me e boetse e qotsitsoe ke ISO, International Organization of Legal Metrology le litekanyetso tsa naha tse fetang 100 lefatšeng ka bophara.
Phapang le Khokahano:Litekanyetso tsena tse 'ne lia tlatsana ebile lia ithuta ho tse ling.Mohlala, litekanyetso tse amohetsoeng ke ASME mabapi le thepa kaofela li tsoa ASTM, litekanyetso tsa li-valve li bua haholo ka API, 'me litekanyetso tsa ho kenya liphaephe li tsoa ho ANSI.Phapang e teng ho tsepamiso e fapaneng ea indasteri, kahoo litekanyetso tse amoheloang li fapane.API, ASTM, le ASME kaofela ke litho tsa ANSI.Boholo ba litekanyetso tsa American National Standards Institute li tsoa maemong a profeshenale.Ka lehlakoreng le leng, mekhatlo e fapaneng ea litsebi le mekhatlo e ka boela ea theha maemo a itseng a lihlahisoa ho latela maemo a teng a naha.Ehlile, o ka boela oa iketsetsa maemo a mokhatlo eseng ho latela maemo a naha.ASME ha e etse mosebetsi o itseng, 'me hoo e ka bang liteko tsohle le mosebetsi oa ho etsa li phethoa ke ANSI le ASTM.ASME e lemoha feela litlhaloso bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea eona, kahoo hangata ho bonoa hore linomoro tse phetoang tse tloaelehileng ke litaba tse tšoanang.
Nako ea poso: Mar-27-2023