I-ASTM A214 yentsimbi yetyhubhu yityhubhu yentsimbi enganyangekiyo ngombane ukuze isetyenziswe kwizitshintshi zobushushu, iicondensers, kunye nezixhobo ezifanayo zokuhambisa ubushushu.Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziswa kwityhubhu yentsimbi enobubanzi obungaphandle obungekho ngaphezulu kwe-3in [76.2mm].
Ngokuqhelekileyo ubungakanani bombhobho wentsimbi obusebenzayo buhayi ngaphezulu kwe-3in [76.2mm].
Obunye ubungakanani bombhobho wentsimbi we-ERW unokunikwa, ngaphandle kokuba umbhobho onjalo uhlangabezana nazo zonke ezinye iimfuno zolu nkcukacha.
Izinto ezinikezelweyo phantsi kolu luhlu ziyakuhambelana neemfuno ezisebenzayo zohlelo lwangoku lweSpecification A450/A450M.ngaphandle kokuba kubonelelwe ngenye indlela apha.
Imibhobho iya kwenziwa ngeukuwelda ukumelana nombane (ERW).
Ngexabiso layo eliphantsi lokuvelisa, ukuchaneka komgangatho ophezulu, amandla abalaseleyo kunye nokuqina, kunye nokuguquguquka koyilo, umbhobho wensimbi we-ERW uye waba yinto ekhethiweyo yoluhlu olubanzi lweenkqubo zemibhobho yezoshishino, ubunjineli bezakhiwo, kunye neeprojekthi ezahlukeneyo zeziseko zophuhliso.
Emva kwe-welding, zonke iityhubhu ziyakunyangwa kubushushu obuyi-1650°F [900°] okanye ngaphezulu kwaye zilandelwe kukupholisa emoyeni okanye kwigumbi lokupholisa lesithando somlilo esilawulwayo.
Iityhubhu ezitsalwa yingqele ziya kunyangwa ubushushu emva kokuba kugqitywe ubushushu obuyi-1200°F [650°C] nangaphezulu.
| C(Ikhabhoni) | Mnu(Manganese) | P(Phosphorus) | S(Sulfure) |
| ubuninzi 0.18% | 0.27-0.63 | ubuninzi 0.035% | ubuninzi 0.035% |
Akuvumelekanga ukubonelela ngamabakala ensimbi ye-alloy ebiza ngokukodwa ukongezwa kwayo nayiphi na into ngaphandle kwezo zidweliswe.
Iimfuno zoomatshini azisebenzisi kwityhubhu enobubanzi bangaphakathi obungaphantsi kwe-0.126 ku- [3.2 mm] okanye ubukhulu obungaphantsi kwe-0.015 [0.4 mm].
Ipropati ye-Tensile
Akukho mfuneko zikhethekileyo kwiipropathi zokuqina kwi-ASTM A214.
Oku kungenxa yokuba i-ASTM A214 isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukutshintshisa ubushushu kunye neecondensers.Uyilo kunye nokusebenza kwezi zixhobo akuqhelekanga ukubeka uxinzelelo oluphezulu kwi-tubing.Ngokwahlukileyo koko, kunikelwa ingqalelo engakumbi kwisakhono sombhobho wokukwazi ukumelana noxinzelelo, iimpawu zayo zokufudumeza ubushushu, kunye nokumelana nokugqwala kwayo.
Uvavanyo lokucaba
Ngombhobho odibeneyo, ubude becandelo lovavanyo olufunekayo abukho ngaphantsi kwe-4 kwi-(100 mm).
Uvavanyo lwenziwe ngamanyathelo amabini:
Inyathelo lokuqala luvavanyo lwe-ductility, indawo yangaphakathi okanye yangaphandle yombhobho wensimbi, akuyi kubakho ukuqhekeka okanye ukuphuka kude kube umgama phakathi kwamacwecwe ungaphantsi kwexabiso le-H elibalwe ngokwendlela elandelayo.
H=(1+e)t/(e+t/D)
H= umgama phakathi kweepleyiti ezicaba, ngo. [mm],
t= ubukhulu bodonga oluchaziweyo lombhobho, ngaphakathi.[mm],
D= icaciswe ngaphandle kwedayamitha yombhobho, ngaphakathi [mm],
e= 0.09 (i-deformation ngobude beyunithi) (0.09 kwintsimbi ye-carbon ephantsi (ubuninzi bekhabhoni ekhankanyiweyo 0.18% okanye ngaphantsi)).
Inyathelo lesibini luvavanyo lwengqibelelo, eya kuqhubeka ihlanjululwa kuze kube yilapho i-specimen iphuka okanye iindonga zombhobho zidibana.Kulo lonke uvavanyo lokucweba, ukuba i-laminated okanye imathiriyeli engaqinanga ifunyenwe, okanye ukuba i-weld ayigqibekanga, iya kwaliwa.
Uvavanyo lweFlange
Icandelo lombhobho kufuneka likwazi ukutshitshiswa kwisithuba kwii-angles ezifanelekileyo kumzimba wombhobho ngaphandle kokuqhekeka okanye ukungafezeki okunokwaliwa phantsi kwemimiselo yenkcazo yemveliso.
Ububanzi be-flange ye-carbon kunye ne-alloy steels ayiyi kuba ngaphantsi kweepesenti.
| Ngaphandle Ububanzi | Ububanzi beFlange |
| Ukuya kwi-2½in[63.5mm], kuquka | I-15% ye-OD |
| Ngaphezulu kwe-2½ ukuya kwi-3¾ [63.5 ukuya ku-95.2], kubandakanywa | I-12.5% ye-OD |
| Ngaphezulu kwe-3¾ ukuya kwi-8 [95.2 ukuya ku-203.2], kubandakanywa | I-15% ye-OD |
Reverse Flattening Test
I-5 in [100 mm] ubude betyhubhu egqityiweyo edityanisiweyo ngokobukhulu ukuhla ukuya kwaye iquka i-½ ngaphakathi. weld kwindawo yokugoba okuphezulu.
Akuyi kubakho bungqina bokuqhekeka kokungabikho kokungena okanye ukugqithwa okubangelwa ukususwa kwe-flash kwi-weld.
Uvavanyo lobulukhuni
Ubunzima bombhobho abuyi kudlula72 HRBW.
Kwimibhobho eyi-0.200 [5.1 mm] nangaphezulu kubukhulu bodonga, mhlawumbi uvavanyo lobulukhuni lweBrinell okanye lweRockwell luya kusetyenziswa.
Uvavanyo lombane lwe-Hydrostatic okanye olungonakaliyo lwenziwa kumbhobho wentsimbi nganye.
Uvavanyo lweHydrostatic
Iixabiso eliphezulu loxinzelelokufuneka igcinwe ubuncinane kwi-5 ngaphandle kokuvuza.
Ubuncinci boxinzelelo lovavanyo lwe-hydrostatic luhambelana nobubanzi bangaphandle kunye nobukhulu bodonga lombhobho.Inokubalwa ngefomula.
Iiyunithi ze-intshi-yeponti: P = 32000 t/DorIiyunithi ze-SI: P = 220.6 t/D
P= uxinzelelo lovavanyo lwe-hydrostatic, i-psi okanye i-MPa,
t= ubukhulu bodonga obuchaziweyo, ngaphakathi okanye mm,
D= icaciswe ngaphandle kwedayamitha, ngaphakathi okanye mm.
Uxinzelelo oluphezulu lovavanyo, ukuthobela iimfuno ezingezantsi.
| Ngaphandle kweDayimitha yeTubhu | Uxinzelelo lovavanyo lweHydrostatic, psi [MPa] | |
| OD ＜1 phakathi | I-OD ＜25.4 mm | 1000 [7] |
| 1≤ OD ＜1½ ngaphakathi | 25.4≤ OD ＜38.1 mm | 1500 [10] |
| 1½≤ OD ＜2 ngaphakathi | 38.≤ OD ＜50.8 mm | 2000 [14] |
| 2≤ OD ＜3 ngaphakathi | 50.8≤ OD ＜76.2 mm | 2500 [17] |
| 3≤ OD ＜5 ngaphakathi | 76.2≤ OD ＜127 mm | 3500 [24] |
| OD ≥5 ngaphakathi | OD ≥127 mm | 4500 [31] |
Uvavanyo loMbane olungonakaliyo
ityhubhu nganye iya kuvavanywa ngeendlela zovavanyo ezingonakalisi ngokuhambelana neNgcaciso ye-E213, iNgcaciso ye-E309 (izixhobo ze-ferromagnetic), i-Specification E426 (izinto ezingezizo imagneti), okanye iNgcaciso ye-E570.
Idatha elandelayo ivela kwi-ASTM A450 kwaye ihlangabezana neemfuno ezifanelekileyo zepayipi yensimbi edibeneyo kuphela.
Ukutenxa ubunzima
0 - + 10%, akukho ukutenxa ezantsi.
Ubunzima bombhobho wensimbi bunokubalwa ngefomula.
W = C(Dt)t
W= ubunzima, Ib/ft [kg/m],
C= 10.69 yeeYunithi ze-Intshi [0.0246615 yeeYunithi ze-SI],
D= icaciswe ngaphandle kwedayamitha, ngaphakathi. [mm],
t= ubuncinci obuxeliweyo bodonga, ngaphakathi. [mm].
Ukutenxa koDonga lokutyeba
0 - +18%.
Umahluko kubunzima bodonga lwalo naliphi na icandelo elinye lombhobho wentsimbi oyi-0.220 kwi- [5.6 mm] nangaphezulu abuyi kudlula ±5 % wowona mlinganiselo wokoqobo wobunzima bodonga lwelo candelo.
Ubukhulu bodonga oluqhelekileyo luyi-avareji yodonga olungqingqwa kunye noluncinci kakhulu kwicandelo.
Ukutenxa ngaphandle kweDiameter
| Ngaphandle Ububanzi | Ukwahluka okuvumelekileyo | ||
| in | mm | in | mm |
| OD ≤1 | OD ≤ 25.4 | ±0.004 | ±0.1 |
| 1＜ OD ≤1½ | 25.4＜ OD ≤38.4 | ±0.006 | ±0.15 |
| 1½＜ OD ＜2 | 38.1＜ OD ＜50.8 | ±0.008 | ±0.2 |
| 2≤ OD ＜2½ | 50.8≤ OD ＜63.5 | ±0.010 | ±0.25 |
| 2½≤ OD ＜3 | 63.5≤ OD ＜76.2 | ±0.012 | ±0.30 |
| 3≤ OD ≤4 | 76.2≤ OD ≤101.6 | ±0.015 | ±0.38 |
| 4＜ OD ≤7½ | 101.6＜ OD ≤190.5 | -0.025 - +0.015 | -0.64 - +0.038 |
| 7½＜ OD ≤9 | 190.5＜ OD ≤228.6 | -0.045 - +0.015 | -1.14 - +0.038 |
Iilube ezigqityiweyo aziyi kuba nesikali.Isixa esincinci se-oxidation asiyi kuthathwa njengesikali.
Ityhubhu nganye iya kubhalwe ngokucacileyo kunye neigama lomenzi okanye ibhrendi, inombolo yokucacisa, kunye ne-ERW.
Igama lomenzi okanye isimboli inokubekwa ngokusisigxina kwityhubhu nganye ngokuqengqeleka okanye isitampu esilula phambi kokuba siqheleke.
Ukuba isitampu esinye sifakwe kumbhobho ngesandla, olu phawu alufanele lube ngaphantsi kweemilimitha ezingama-200 ukusuka kwelinye icala lombhobho.
Ukuchasana nokushisa okuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo: Ukukwazi ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo kuyipropati ebaluleke kakhulu kwiinkqubo zokutshintshiselana kobushushu.
Ukuqhuba kakuhle kwe-thermal: Izinto eziphathekayo kunye nenkqubo yokuvelisa le ityhubhu yensimbi iqinisekisa ukuqhutyelwa kwe-thermal egqwesileyo kwizicelo ezifuna ukutshintshwa kobushushu obusebenzayo.
Ukuweldability: Enye inzuzo kukuba banokudibaniswa kakuhle nge-welding, ukwenza ukufakela kunye nokugcinwa kube lula.
Ikakhulu isetyenziselwa ukutshintshiselana kobushushu, i-condensers, kunye nezixhobo ezifanayo zokuhambisa ubushushu.
1. Izitshintshi zobushushu: Kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zoshishino, abatshintshi bobushushu basetyenziselwa ukuhambisa amandla obushushu ukusuka kulwelo olunye (ulwelo okanye igesi) ukuya kwelinye ngaphandle kokubavumela ukuba badibane ngqo.Iityhubhu ze-ASTM A214 zensimbi zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kulolu hlobo lwezixhobo kuba ziyakwazi ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo olunokuthi lwenzeke kwinkqubo.
2. Iicondenser: Iicondenser zisetyenziswa ikakhulu ekususeni ubushushu kwiinkqubo zokupholisa, umz. kwiinkqubo zefriji kunye ne-air-conditioning, okanye ukuguqula umphunga ubuyele emanzini kwizikhululo zombane.Zisetyenziswa kwezi nkqubo ngenxa ye-conductivity entle ye-thermal kunye namandla omatshini.
3. Izixhobo zokutshintsha ubushushu: Olu hlobo lwetyhubhu yensimbi lukwasetyenziswa kwezinye izixhobo zokutshintshiselana kobushushu obufana nobushushu kunye ne-condensers, ezifana ne-evaporators kunye ne-coolers.
I-ASTM A179: sisitshixo sobushushu sentsimbi esitsalwa ngokubanda esingenamthungo kunye netyhubhu yecondenser.Ngokuqhelekileyo isetyenziswa kwizicelo ezinezicelo ezifanayo, ezinje ngokutshintshiselana kobushushu kunye neecondensers.Nangona i-A179 ingenamthungo, ibonelela ngeempawu ezifanayo zokutshintsha ubushushu.
I-ASTM A178: Igubungela ibhoyila yebhoyila ye-carbon-manganese kunye ne-carbon-manganese.Ezi ityhubhu zisetyenziswa kwiibhoyila kunye nee-superheaters, kwaye zingasetyenziswa kwizicelo zokutshintshiselana kobushushu kunye neemfuno ezifanayo, ngakumbi apho kufuneka amalungu adityanisiweyo.
I-ASTM A192: igubungela iityhubhu zebhoyila yentsimbi yekhabhoni engenamthungo yenkonzo yoxinzelelo oluphezulu.Nangona ezi zityhubhu zijoliswe ngokuyintloko ekusetyenzisweni kwiindawo eziphakamileyo kunye nokushisa okuphezulu, izixhobo zabo kunye neenkqubo zokuvelisa zibenza zilungele ukusetyenziswa kwezinye izixhobo zokushisa ukushisa ezifuna uxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nokumelana nokushisa.
Singumvelisi wemibhobho yentsimbi yekhabhoni ekumgangatho ophezulu odityanisiweyo kunye nomthengisi ovela eChina, kunye nesitokhwe semibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo, ekunika uluhlu olubanzi lwezisombululo zemibhobho yentsimbi!
Ngayo nayiphi na imibuzo okanye ukufunda ngakumbi malunga neminikelo yethu, ungalibazisi ukuqhagamshelana nathi.Izisombululo zakho ezifanelekileyo zemibhobho yentsimbi ngumyalezo nje osuka kude!
