I-ASTM A334IBanga loku-1ngumbhobho wentsimbi wekhabhoni ongenamthungo kunye odityanisiweyo wenkonzo yobushushu obuphantsi.
Inomlinganiselo ophezulu wekhabhoni we-0.30%, umxholo we-manganese we-0.40-1.60%, ubuncinci be-tensile amandla we-380Mpa (55ksi), kunye namandla okuvelisa i-205Mpa (30ksi).
Isetyenziselwa kakhulu ukuthutha ulwelo kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphantsi, izixhobo zokukhenkceza, kunye nezinye izicelo zoshishino ezifuna ukumelana nefuthe lobushushu obuphantsi.
I-ASTM A334 inamabanga amaninzi okujongana neemeko ezahlukeneyo zobushushu obuphantsi, ezizezi:IBakala 1, iBakala 3, iBakala 6, iBakala 7, iBakala 8, iBakala 9, neBakala 11.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zentsimbi, i-carbon steel kunye ne-alloy steel.
IBanga loku-1kwayeIBanga lesi-6zombini ziintsimbi zekhabhoni.
Zinokuveliswa nguiinkqubo ezingenamthungo okanye ezidityanisiweyo.
Kwimveliso yeetyhubhu zentsimbi ezingenamthungo, kukho iinkqubo ezimbini zokuvelisa,Kushushu-kugqitywe okanye kubanda.
Ukhetho luxhomekeke ikakhulu ekusetyenzisweni kokuphela kombhobho, ubungakanani bombhobho, kunye neemfuno ezithile zezinto eziphathekayo.
Ngezantsi umzobo wenkqubo yokuvelisa i-seamless eshushu-egqityiweyo.
Iukugqiba okushushuinkqubo yombhobho engenamthungo ibandakanya ukufudumeza i-billet yensimbi kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu kwaye emva koko wenze umbhobho ngokuqengqeleka okanye ukukhupha.Le nkqubo iyenzeka kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu kwaye inceda ekuphuculeni i-microstructure yezinto eziphathekayo, ngaloo ndlela ikhulise ukuqina kwayo yonke kunye nokufana.
Inkqubo yokugqiba eshushu ifaneleke ngokukodwa ukuveliswa kweetyhubhu ezinobubanzi obukhulu kunye neengqimba ezityebileyo, ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwimibhobho yokuthutha ngobuninzi kunye nezicelo zesakhiwo, kwaye ifanelekile kwimveliso yomthamo ophezulu ngenxa yeendleko zayo eziphantsi.
Ebandayoiityhubhu zentsimbi ezingenamthungo zicutshungulwa ngokolula emva kokuba izinto zipholile ngokupheleleyo ukuze kufezekiswe ubungakanani obuchanekileyo kunye nemilo efunekayo.Le ndlela iphucula ngokubonakalayo ukuchaneka komda kunye nokugqitywa komphezulu wemveliso, ngelixa impembelelo ebandayo yokuqina komsebenzi iphinda iphucule iimpawu zomatshini zetyhubhu, njengamandla kunye nokumelana nokunxiba.
Inkqubo yokudweba ebandayo ifaneleke ngokukodwa ukuveliswa kweetyhubhu ezinobubanzi obuncinci kunye nobukhulu obuncinci bodonga apho ukuchaneka okuphezulu kunye nomgangatho obalaseleyo womphezulu kufuneka kwaye isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwiindawo ezifana neenkqubo ze-hydraulic, i-auto components, kunye nezixhobo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu ukuhlangabezana. iimfuno ezithile zokusebenza eziphezulu, nangona ixabiso eliphezulu.
Ziqhelanise ngokufudumeza kubushushu obufanayo obungekho ngaphantsi kwe-1550 °F [845 °C] kwaye uphole emoyeni okanye kwigumbi lokupholisa leziko elilawulwa ngumoya.
Ukuba ukucaphuka kuyafuneka, kuya kufuneka kuxoxwe.
Kula mabanga angasentla eityhubhu zentsimbi ezingenamthungo kuphela:
Phinda ufudumeze kwaye ulawule ukusebenza okushushu kunye nobushushu bomsebenzi wokugqiba ukutshisa ukuya kuluhlu lobushushu bokugqiba ukusuka kwi-1550 - 1750 °F [845 - 955℃] kwaye uphole kwisithando somlilo esilawulwayo ukusuka kubushushu bokuqala obungekho ngaphantsi kwe-1550 °F [ 845 °C].
I-chemistry yeBanga loku-1 yenzelwe ukulinganisa amandla, ubulukhuni, kunye nokuqina kweqondo lokushisa eliphantsi kwizicelo kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphantsi.
| IBanga | C(Ikhabhoni) | Mnu(Manganese) | P(Phosphorus) | S(Sulfure) |
| IBanga loku-1 | ubuninzi 0.30 % | 0.40-1.06 % | ubuninzi 0.025 % | ubuninzi 0.025 % |
| Ngokucuthwa ngakunye nge-0.01 % carbon engaphantsi kwe-0.30 %, ukunyuka kwe-0.05 % manganese ngaphezu kwe-1.06 % kuya kuvunyelwa ukuya kubuninzi be-1.35 % manganese. | ||||
Ikhabhoni yinto ephambili eyandisa amandla kunye nobulukhuni bentsimbi, kodwa kwizicelo eziphantsi kweqondo lokushisa, umxholo wekhabhoni ophezulu unokunciphisa ukuqina kwezinto.
IBanga le-1, elinomxholo ophezulu wekhabhoni we-0.30%, lihlelwa njengensimbi ephantsi kwekhabhoni kwaye ilawulwa kwinqanaba eliphantsi ukuze kulungiswe ubunzima bayo obuphantsi.
Amaxabiso obude obuncinane obaliweyo kwi-1/32 nganye kwi-.[0.80 mm] ukuncipha kobunzima bodonga.
Imifuniselo yempembelelo kwiBanga loku-1 yetyhubhu yentsimbi iyenziwaku -45°C [-50°F], eyenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuqina kunye nokuchasana kwempembelelo yezinto kwiindawo eziphantsi kakhulu zobushushu.Uvavanyo lwenziwa ngokukhetha amandla achaphazelekayo afanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kwindonga yodonga lombhobho wensimbi.
Imizekelo yempembelelo yebha enenotshi iya kuba yeyomqadi olula, uhlobo lweCharpy, ngokuhambelana neeNdlela zoVavanyo E23.Uhlobo A, ngenotshi engu-V.
Iindlela ezimbini eziqhelekileyo zokulinganisa ubulukhuni luvavanyo lobulukhuni be-Rockwell kunye ne-Brinell.
| IBanga | Rockwell | Brinell |
| I-ASTM A334 iBanga loku-1 | B 85 | 163 |
Umbhobho ngamnye uya kuvavanywa ngokungenakonakala ngombane okanye nge-hydrostatically ngokuhambelana ne-STM A1016/A1016M.Ngaphandle kokuba kuchazwe ngenye indlela kumyalelo wokuthenga, uhlobo lovavanyo oluza kusetyenziswa luya kuba kukhetho lomenzi.
Ukongeza kokumakishwa okuchazwe kwi-Specification A1016/A1016M, ukumakishwa kuya kubandakanya ubushushu obugqityiweyo, obuzotyiweyo obubandayo, obungenamthungo, okanye obudityanisiweyo, kunye noonobumba "LT" belandelwa bubushushu apho uvavanyo lwempembelelo lwenziwa khona.
Xa umbhobho wensimbi ogqityiweyo ungekho ubungakanani obaneleyo bokufumana isampuli yempembelelo encinci, ukumakishwa akuyi kubandakanya iileta ze-LT kunye nobushushu obubonakalisiweyo bokuvavanya.
Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezicelo zoshishino ezifuna ukusebenza okuphantsi kobushushu.
Uthutho lwe-Cryogenic fluid: Umbhobho wensimbi weBakala 1 usetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukuthutha i-cryogenic fluids efana ne-liquefied natural gas (LNG), i-liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), kunye nezinye iikhemikhali ze-cryogenic.Olu lwelo lusoloko lufuna ukuthuthwa ngokukhuselekileyo kumaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kwe-ambient, kwaye umbhobho wentsimbi weBanga loku-1 ugcina iimpawu zawo zembonakalo kunye nokuthembeka kwesakhiwo kula maqondo obushushu aphantsi.
Iinkqubo zefriji kunye nezixhobo: Ihlala isetyenziselwa imibhobho yokuhanjiswa kwesipholisi kwezi nkqubo.
Izitshintshi zobushushu kunye ne-condensers: Abatshintshi bobushushu kunye nee-condensers zizinto ezibalulekileyo kumashishini kunye necandelo lamandla, ngokufuthi zisebenzisa iBanga loku-1 iityhubhu yentsimbi njengesixhobo sokwakha.Ezi zixhobo zifuna izinto ezigcina amandla aphezulu kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwe-corrosion kumaqondo aphantsi okushisa ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kokusebenza kwexesha elide kunye nokusebenza kakuhle.
Indawo yokugcina ebandayo kunye nefriji: Kwindawo yokugcina izinto ezibandayo kunye nezinye izibonelelo zefriji, iinkqubo zemibhobho kufuneka zilungelelaniswe kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi kakhulu.Umbhobho wensimbi webakala 1 ungasetyenziselwa ukwakha iinkqubo zemibhobho kwezi zixhobo ngenxa yokukwazi ukuqhubeka nokusebenza kwiindawo ezibandayo ngaphandle kokusilela.
1. EN 10216-4: P215NL, P255QL;
2. DIN 17173:TTSt35N;
3. JIS G3460:STPL 380;
4. GB/T 18984: 09Mn2V.
Le migangatho kunye namabanga enzelwe ukuba abe neepropati ezifanayo okanye ezilinganayo kwi-ASTM A334 yeBanga loku-1, kuthathelwa ingqalelo iimpawu zobushushu obuphantsi kunye nezinye iindlela zokusebenza ezifanelekileyo.
Ukususela ekusekweni kwayo kwi-2014, i-Botop Steel iye yaba ngumthengisi ohamba phambili we-carbon steel pipe eNyakatho ye-China, eyaziwa ngenkonzo egqwesileyo, iimveliso eziphezulu, kunye nezisombululo ezibanzi.Inkampani inikezela ngeendidi zemibhobho ye-carbon steel kunye nemveliso ehambelana nayo, kubandakanywa i-seamless, i-ERW, i-LSAW, kunye ne-SSAW ipayipi yensimbi, kunye nomgca opheleleyo wokufakelwa kwemibhobho kunye neeflange.
Iimveliso zayo ezikhethekileyo zikwabandakanya i-alloys ephezulu kunye ne-austenitic stainless steels, elungiselelwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zeeprojekthi ezahlukeneyo zepayipi.
