Intsimbi engatyiwa (Stainless Steel)sisishunqulelo sentsimbi engena acid-resistant, kwaye amabakala entsimbi amelana nemithombo yeendaba ezonakalisayo ebuthathaka njengomoya, umphunga, amanzi, okanye aneempawu ezingenasici zibizwa ngokuba yintsimbi engatyiwayo.
Igama elithile "yenziwe ngentsimbi eshayinayo" ayibhekiseli nje kuhlobo olunye lwensimbi engenasici, kodwa ibhekiselele kwiintlobo ezingaphezu kwekhulu zensimbi engenasici kwimizi-mveliso, nganye inentsebenzo entle kwindawo yayo yesicelo.
Zonke ziqulethe i-17 ukuya kwi-22% ye-chromium, kwaye amabakala ensimbi angcono aqulethe i-nickel.Ukongeza i-molybdenum kunokuphucula ngakumbi i-atmospheric corrosion, ngakumbi ukuxhathisa kwi-corrosion kwi-atmospheres ene-chloride.
一.Ulwahlulo lwensimbi engenasici
1. Yintoni insimbi engenasici kunye ne-asidi-resistant steel?
Impendulo: Intsimbi estainless sisishunqulelo sentsimbi engena acid-resistant, ekwaziyo ukumelana nemithombo yeendaba eyonakalisayo enjengomoya, umphunga, amanzi, okanye inentsimbi engatyiwayo.Imigangatho yentsimbi egqwethiweyo ibizwa ngokuba ziintsimbi ezixhathisa i-asidi.
Ngenxa yomahluko ekubunjweni kweekhemikhali kwezi zimbini, ukuxhathisa kwe-corrosion kuyahluka.Intsimbi eqhelekileyo engatyiwa sisiqhelo ayixhathisi kumhlwa okuphakathi kwemichiza, lo gama intsimbi enganyangekiyo ngeasidi iyonke ayinasilima.
2. Indlela yokwahlula intsimbi engenasici?
Impendulo: Ngokwemeko yombutho, inokwahlulwa ibe yintsimbi ye-martensitic, insimbi ye-ferritic, i-austenitic steel, i-austenitic-ferritic (i-duplex) yensimbi engenasici kunye ne-precipitation iqinisa insimbi engenasici.
(1) Intsimbi ye-Martensitic: amandla aphezulu, kodwa iplastiki engalunganga kunye ne-weldability.
Amanqanaba asetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ensimbi engenasici ye-martensitic yi-1Cr13, 3Cr13, njl., ngenxa yomxholo wekhabhoni ephezulu, inamandla amakhulu, ukuqina kunye nokumelana nokunxiba, kodwa ukuxhathisa ukubola kumbi kancinane, kwaye isetyenziselwa iipropathi eziphezulu zoomatshini kunye. ukumelana nomhlwa.Ezinye iindawo ngokubanzi ziyafuneka, njengemithombo, iiblade ze-injini yomphunga, iivalvu zokucinezela ngoxinzelelo lwehydraulic, njl.
Olu hlobo lwentsimbi lusetyenziswa emva kokucima kunye nokufudumala, kwaye i-annealing iyadingeka emva kokubumba kunye nokunyathela.
(2) Intsimbi ye-Ferritic: 15% ukuya kwi-30% yechromium.Ukuxhatshazwa kwayo kwe-corrosion, ukuqina kunye nokunyuka kwe-weldability kunye nokunyuka komxholo we-chromium, kunye nokuchasana kwayo ne-chloride stress corrosion kungcono kunezinye iintlobo zensimbi engenasici, ezifana ne-Crl7, i-Cr17Mo2Ti, i-Cr25, i-Cr25Mo3Ti, i-Cr28, njl.
Ngenxa yomxholo wayo ophezulu wechromium, ukuxhathisa ukubola kunye nokumelana ne-oxidation kulungile, kodwa iipropathi zayo zomatshini kunye nepropathi yenkqubo ihlwempuzekile.Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizakhiwo ezinokumelana ne-asidi kunye noxinzelelo oluncinci kunye nentsimbi ye-anti-oxidation.
Olu hlobo lwentsimbi lunokuxhathisa ukubola kwe-atmosfera, i-nitric acid kunye nesisombululo setyuwa, kwaye ineempawu zokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kwe-oxidation kunye ne-coefficient encinci yokwandisa i-thermal.Isetyenziswe kwi-asidi ye-nitric kunye nezixhobo zefektri yokutya, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza iindawo ezisebenza kumaqondo okushisa aphezulu, njengeendawo ze-turbine yegesi, njl.
(3) Intsimbi ye-Austenitic: Iqulethe ngaphezu kwe-18% ye-chromium, kwaye iqulethe malunga ne-8% ye-nickel kunye nenani elincinci le-molybdenum, i-titanium, i-nitrogen kunye nezinye izinto.Ukusebenza kakuhle kukonke, ukumelana nokubola ngamajelo ohlukeneyo eendaba.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, unyango lwesisombululo luyamkelwa, oko kukuthi, intsimbi ishushu kwi-1050-1150 ° C, kwaye emva koko ipholile ngamanzi okanye i-air-cooled ukuze ifumane isakhiwo se-austenite sesigaba esisodwa.
(4) I-Austenitic-ferritic (i-duplex) yensimbi engenasici: Ineenzuzo zentsimbi ye-austenitic kunye ne-ferritic, kwaye ine-superplasticity.I-Austenite kunye ne-ferrite nganye i-akhawunti malunga nesiqingatha sensimbi engenasici.
Kwimeko yomxholo we-C ophantsi, umxholo we-Cr yi-18% ukuya kwi-28%, kwaye umxholo we-Ni yi-3% ukuya kwi-10%.Ezinye iintsimbi zikwaqulathe izinto zokuhlanganisa ezifana neMo, Cu, Si, Nb, Ti, kunye neN.
Olu hlobo lwensimbi luneempawu ze-austenitic kunye ne-ferritic stainless steels.Xa kuthelekiswa ne-ferrite, ineplastiki ephezulu kunye nokuqina, akukho brittleness yokushisa kwegumbi, iphucule kakhulu ukuxhathisa kwe-intergranular corrosion kunye nokusebenza kwe-welding, ngelixa igcina intsimbi Umzimba wensimbi engenasici u-brittle kwi-475 ° C, une-conductivity ephezulu ye-thermal, kwaye uneempawu ze-superplasticity. .
Xa kuthelekiswa ne-austenitic steel stainless, inamandla aphezulu kwaye iphucule kakhulu ukuxhathisa kwi-intergranular corrosion kunye ne-chloride stress corrosion.I-Duplex steel stainless steel ine-pitting corrosion resistance encomekayo kwaye ikwayintsimbi egcina i-nickel.
(5) Imvula iqinisa insimbi engenasici: i-matrix yi-austenite okanye i-martensite, kunye nemigangatho esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ye-precipitation i-stainless steel stainless yi-04Cr13Ni8Mo2Al njalo njalo.Yinsimbi engenasici enokuthi iqiniswe (iqiniswe) ngokuqiniswa kwemvula (eyaziwa nangokuthi iminyaka yobudala).
Ngokokwakheka, yahlulwe yaba yintsimbi ye-chromium, i-chromium-nickel yensimbi engenasici kunye ne-chromium manganese nitrogen intsimbi.
(1) I-Chromium insimbi engagqwaliyo inokumelana ne-corrosion ethile (i-asidi ene-oxidizing, i-asidi ye-organic, i-cavitation), ukumelana nobushushu kunye nokumelana nokunxiba, kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengezixhobo zezixhobo zezikhululo zamandla, iikhemikhali kunye ne-petroleum.Nangona kunjalo, i-weldability yayo imbi, kwaye ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwinkqubo ye-welding kunye neemeko zonyango lobushushu.
(2) Ngexesha le-welding, i-chromium-nickel steel stainless steel iphantsi kokufudumala ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwi-carbides ye-precipitate, eya kunciphisa ukuxhathisa kwe-corrosion kunye neempawu zomatshini.
(3) Amandla, i-ductility, ukuqina, ukubumbeka, ukuwelda, ukuxhathisa ukunxiba kunye nokuxhathisa ukubola kwe-chromium-manganese yensimbi engenasici ilungile.
二.Iingxaki ezinzima kwi-welding yensimbi engenasici kunye nokuqaliswa kokusetyenziswa kwezinto kunye nezixhobo
1. Kutheni le nto i-welding steel stainless inzima?
Impendulo: (1) Ubushushu bobushushu bensimbi engenasici bunamandla, kwaye ixesha lokuhlala kwiqondo lokushisa le-450-850 ° C lide kancinane, kwaye ukuxhathisa kwe-corrosion ye-weld kunye nobushushu obuchaphazelekayo kuya kuncitshiswa kakhulu;
(2) ukuchanabeka kwiintanda ze-thermal;
(3) Ukukhuselwa okungalunganga kunye ne-oxidation ephezulu yokushisa;
(4) I-coefficient yokwandisa i-linear inkulu, kwaye kulula ukuvelisa i-welding deformation enkulu.
2. Ngawaphi amanyathelo asebenzayo obuchwepheshe anokuthi athathwe ukuwelda i-austenitic stainless steel?
Impendulo: (1) Khetha ngokuthe ngqo izinto zokudibanisa ngokwemichiza yesiseko sesinyithi;
(2) I-welding ekhawulezayo kunye nomsinga omncinci, amandla omgca omncinci anciphisa igalelo lobushushu;
(3) Icingo lokuwelda elibhityileyo, intonga yokuwelda, akukho ujingi, i-multi-layer multi-pass welding;
(4) Ukupholisa okunyanzeliswayo kwe-weld seam kunye nendawo echaphazelekayo ukushisa ukunciphisa ixesha lokuhlala kwi-450-850 ° C;
(5) Ukukhuselwa kweArgon ngasemva kwe-TIG weld;
(6) Iiwelds ezidityaniswe nesixhobo sokutya zidityaniswe ekugqibeleni;
(7) Ukunyangwa kwe-passivation ye-weld seam kunye nendawo echaphazelekayo ngubushushu.
3. Kutheni kufuneka sikhethe i-25-13 yochungechunge lwe-welding kunye ne-electrode ye-welding austenitic stainless steel, i-carbon steel kunye ne-low alloy steel (i-welding yensimbi eyahlukileyo)?
Impendulo: Welding dissimilar steel welded joints edibanisa intsimbi ye-austenitic stainless nge-carbon steel kunye nentsimbi ephantsi ye-alloy, i-weld deposit metal kufuneka isebenzise i-25-13 series welding wire (309, 309L) kunye nentonga ye-welding (Austenitic 312, i-Austenitic 307, njl.).
Ukuba ezinye izinto ezisetyenziselwa i-welding steel stainless zisetyenzisiweyo, isakhiwo se-martensitic kunye nokuqhekeka okubandayo kuya kubonakala kumgca wokudibanisa kwicala le-carbon steel kunye ne-alloy alloy steel.
4. Kutheni iingcingo zokuwelda zentsimbi eqinileyo zisebenzisa i-98% Ar + 2% O2 igesi ekhuselayo?
Impendulo: Ngexesha lokuwelda kwe-MIG yocingo oluluqilima lwentsimbi, ukuba igesi ye-argon esulungekileyo isetyenziselwa ukukhusela, ukuxinezeleka komphezulu wedama elityhidiweyo kuphezulu, kwaye i-weld yenziwe kakubi, ibonisa ukumila kwe-weld "humpback".Ukongeza i-1 ukuya kwi-2% ye-oxygen inokunciphisa ukuxinana komphezulu wedama elinyibilikisiweyo, kwaye i-weld seam igudile kwaye intle.
5. Kutheni umphezulu wentsimbi eqinileyo yokuwelda i-MIG weld ujika ube mnyama?Indlela yokusombulula le ngxaki?
Impendulo: Isantya se-MIG se-welding socingo oluqinileyo lwe-welding steel lukhawuleza (30-60cm / min).Xa umlomo werhasi okhuselayo uye wabaleka ukuya kwindawo yechibi elinyibilikisiweyo ngaphambili, i-weld seam isekwimo yobushushu obubomvu-bushushu obuphezulu, obuxutywa lula ngumoya, kunye neeoksidi zenziwe kumphezulu.Iiwelds zimnyama.Indlela ye-pickling passivation inokususa ulusu olumnyama kwaye ibuyisele umbala wokuqala wentsimbi.
6. Kutheni le nto intsimbi yokuwelda intsimbi eqinileyo kufuneka isebenzise unikezelo lwamandla oluphuphumayo ukuze kuphunyezwe utshintsho lwejethi kunye ne-welding-free-spatter?
Impendulo: Xa i-stainless steel stainless steel welding welding, i-φ1.2 i-welding wire, xa i-current I ≥ 260 ~ 280A, inguqu ye-jet inokufezekiswa;i-droplet yinguqu ye-short-circuit engaphantsi kweli xabiso, kwaye i-spatter inkulu, ayikhuthazwa ngokubanzi.
Kuphela ngokusebenzisa unikezelo lwamandla lwe-MIG kunye ne-pulse, i-pulse droplet iguqule ukusuka kwinkcazo encinci ukuya kwinkcazo enkulu (khetha ubuncinci okanye ixabiso eliphezulu ngokwe-diameter ye-wire), i-welding-free welding.
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Impendulo: Okwangoku isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo i-flux-cored stainless steel welding wire (efana ne-308, 309, njl.), i-welding flux formula kwi-welding wire iphuhliswa ngokwe-welding chemical reaction metallurgical reaction phantsi kokhuseleko lwe-CO2 gas, ngoko ngokubanzi. , akukho mfuneko yonikezelo lombane we-pulsed arc welding ( Ubonelelo lwamandla kunye nepulse lufuna ngokusisiseko ukusebenzisa igesi exutyiweyo), ukuba ufuna ukungena kwinguqulelo yedropha kwangaphambili, ungasebenzisa unikezelo lombane lwepulse okanye imodeli yokuwelda yegesi eqhelekileyo nge ukuwelda igesi exutyiweyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Mar-24-2023