Insimbi yesakhiwoiyimpahla yokwakha ejwayelekile eyenziwe ngamabanga athile ensimbi futhi iza ngohlu lwezimo ezijwayelekile zomkhakha ezihlukene (noma "amaphrofayili").Amabanga ensimbi yesakhiwo athuthukiswa ngokwakheka kwamakhemikhali athile kanye nezakhiwo zemishini eziklanyelwe izinhlelo zokusebenza ezithile.
EYurophu, insimbi yesakhiwo kumele ihambisane nendinganiso yaseYurophuI-EN 10025, eqondiswa i-European Committee for Iron and Steel Standardization (ECISS), okuyiqembu elincane le-European Committee for Standardization (CEN).
Kunezibonelo eziningi zamamaki ensimbi yesakhiwo saseYurophu, njenge-S195, S235, S275, S355, S420 kanye ne-S460.Kulesi sihloko, sizogxila ekwakhiweni kwamakhemikhali, izakhiwo zemishini kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-S235, S275 kanye ne-S355, amabanga amathathu ajwayelekile ensimbi yesakhiwo asetshenziswa kumaphrojekthi wokwakha ahlukahlukene e-European Union.
Ngokwesigaba se-Eurocode, izinsimbi zesakhiwo kufanele zikhethwe ngezimpawu ezijwayelekile ezihlanganisa kodwa zingagcini ku-S, 235, J2, K2, C, Z, W, JR kanye ne-JO, lapho:
Kuye ngenqubo yokukhiqiza, ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali, kanye nokusetshenziswa okuhlobene, izinhlamvu ezengeziwe nezigaba zingase zisetshenziselwe ukuhlonza izinga elithile lensimbi yesakhiwo noma umkhiqizo.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-EU akuyona indinganiso yomhlaba wonke, ngakho-ke amamaki amaningi afanelekile anezakhiwo ezifanayo zamakhemikhali nezomshini angasetshenziswa kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba.Isibonelo, insimbi yesakhiwo ekhiqizwe emakethe yase-US kumele ihlangabezane nezidingo ze-American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).Amakhodi wamazwe ngamazwe aqala ngo-"A" alandelwe ikilasi elifanele, njenge-A36 nomaA53.
Emazweni amaningi, insimbi yesakhiwo ilawulwa futhi kufanele ihlangabezane nezindinganiso eziqondile ezincane zokuma, usayizi, ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali namandla.
Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali ensimbi yesakhiwo kubaluleke kakhulu futhi kulawulwa kakhulu.Lesi yisici esiyinhloko esinquma izici zemishini yensimbi.Kuthebula elingezansi ungabona amazinga aphezulu wamaphesenti ezinto ezithile ezilungisekayo ezikhona kumabanga ensimbi yesakhiwo saseYurophu S235,S275kanye ne-s355.
Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali ensimbi yesakhiwo kubaluleke kakhulu futhi kulawulwa ngokuqinile.Kuyisici esiyisisekelo esinquma izici zemishini yensimbi.Kuthebula elingezansi ungabona iphesenti eliphezulu lezinto ezithile ezilawulwayo kumabanga ensimbi yesakhiwo saseYurophu S235, S275 kanye ne-S355.
Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali ensimbi yesakhiwo kubaluleke kakhulu konjiniyela futhi kuzohluka ukusuka kwelinye nebanga kuye ngokusetshenziswa kwayo okuhlosiwe.Isibonelo, i-S355K2W iyinsimbi yesakhiwo eqinile, ebizwa ngokuthi i-K2, enokwakheka kwamakhemikhali okuklanyelwe ukumelana nesimo sezulu esiphezulu - W. Ngakho-ke, ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwaleli banga lensimbi yesakhiwo lihluka kancane kunendinganiso.Ibanga le-S355.
Izakhiwo zemishini yensimbi yesakhiwo ziyisisekelo sokuhlukaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwayo.Nakuba ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kuyisici esiyinhloko esinquma izici zemishini yensimbi, kubalulekile futhi ukwazi imibandela encane yezakhiwo zemishini noma ukusebenza, njengamandla esivuno namandla aqinile, njengoba kuchazwe ngokuningiliziwe ngezansi.
Amandla esivuno sensimbi yesakhiwo akala amandla amancane adingekayo ukuze kudaleke ukuwohloka okuhlala njalo ensimbi.Ingqungquthela yokuqamba amagama esetshenziswa ku-EN 10025 ejwayelekile yase-Europe isho amandla amancane esivuno sezinga lensimbi elivivinywe ku-16 mm ukujiya.
Amandla aqinile ensimbi yesakhiwo ahlobene nephuzu lapho ukuguquguquka okuhlala njalo kwenzeka lapho impahla yelulelwa noma yelulelwa ngokuphambana ngobude bayo.
Insimbi yesakhiwo iza ngamamaki ahlukahlukene, kodwa imvamisa ithengiswe yenziwe ngaphambilini ibe umumo othize we-cross-sectional odizayinelwe uhlelo oluthile.Isibonelo, insimbi yesakhiwo ethengiswa njenge-I-beams, i-Z-beams, ama-box lintels, i-hollow structural section (HSS), i-L-beams, namapuleti ensimbi kuvamile.
Kuye ngohlobo olufunayo, unjiniyela ucacisa izinga lensimbi—ngokuvamile ukuze kuhlangatshezwane namandla aphansi, isisindo esiphezulu, nezimfuneko zezulu ezingaba khona—kanye nokuma kwengxenye—okuhlobene nendawo edingekayo kanye nemithwalo elindelwe noma imithwalo.umsebenzi okumele wenziwe.
Insimbi yesakhiwo inezinhlelo eziningi zokusebenza, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuyahlukahluka.Ziwusizo ikakhulukazi njengoba zinikeza inhlanganisela eyingqayizivele ye-weldability enhle namandla aqinisekisiwe.Insimbi yesakhiwo iwumkhiqizo ovumelana nezimo ngokwedlulele ovame ukuthandwa onjiniyela abafuna ukukhulisa amandla noma izakhiwo ezimise okuka-S kuyilapho behlisa isisindo sazo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-13-2023